Animals, Gods and Humans - Chapter 9 pdf

... representing male sexual violence and has stressed that the animal in this case does not act as a male beast but in fact abandons its attack on Thecla (Burrus 199 5; cf. Boyarin 199 9: 74–81). Burrus argues ... quickly from “this unjust and lawless life” (3). In these narratives, the victims become heroes and behave as champions. FIGHTING THE BEASTS 199 Blandina was hung on a post, a...

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... down the existential ladder (for example, Solodow 198 8: 190 –2). But animals are never transformed into humans precisely because gods, humans and animals in Ovid’s Metamorphoses are also locked ... transformed into lower categories and back again, and in some rare cases, a human being may be transformed into a god. But while it is possible for humans and gods to turn into a...

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... served to brutalize and radicalize the divisions between humans and non -humans. And while the sacrifice served as a focus for the relationship between humans and domestic animals, which was basically ... boundary showing the difference between humans and animals. Humans cooked and roasted meat and did not, like other meat-eating species, eat it raw, a point made by Lé...

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... contest of wits and skills between hunters and fishermen, between land animals and sea animals, but also between fish and fishermen, and between land animals and hunters (96 5F 96 6B, 97 5D, 97 6D–E). However, ... souls according to which humans could be reborn as animals and animals as humans (Haussleiter 193 5: 79 163). Orpheus felt that humans and animals were b...

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... about cross-species love relationships appear (Kindstrand 199 8: 296 4; cf. Salisbury 199 4: 84–101). Humans are paired with a dog, a horse, a dolphin and a serpent, but also with a ram and a goose. ... moral/philosophical attitude based on Stoic-Cynic ideas, an attitude that was common in these centuries (Kindstrand 199 8: 296 5, 299 0). There is a strong tendency to model animals on...

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... horses and donkeys in their stables consecrated to Epona, adorn them in processions to Isis and sacrifice and worship heads of bulls and rams. Minucius Felix derides half-goats, half -humans and gods ... more closely with bestial nature and animal passions (Carson 2002: 85–7; Loraux 199 3: 89 110; Thornton 199 7: 76ff, 90 –1). The association between femininity and animal pa...

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... business also thrived (Garnsey 199 9: 134; Corbier 198 9: 232–3). In the Graeco- Roman world, both gods and humans were nourished with the meat of sacrificial animals, but the gods did not consume the ... sacrifices (Garnsey 199 9: 134). It was important that nobody should sacrifice in a state of impurity. Otherwise, the gods might be angry and the good relationship between hum...

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... the needs of rural life were thus taken care of, and Christian and pre-Christian religious practices were combined (Trout 199 5; cf. Trout 199 9: 1 79 86). It is worth noting that in this Christian ... Christ but in principle to all Christians, and especially to the martyrs, and later to virgins and ascetics (Clark 199 9: 212–15). THE ANIMAL SACRIFICE AND ITS CRITICS 158 extent in...

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... 7; I Enoch 85 90 ). Such monstrous creatures were the stock-in-trade of Jewish and Christian apocalypses and part of a polarized cosmos. The serpent of Genesis, the ass of Balaam and the eschatological ... from medical arguments to allegorical interpreta- tion, and the modern debate has offered symbolic as well as materialistic theories (Garnsey 199 9: 91 –5). Walter Houston has conv...

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... mind and soul, and intensify the struggle against every folly of the passions of love and base wickedness, and love of praise, and fondness of contention, and tiresome jealousy and wrath, and ... flesh and blood; rather the authorities of the universe and the spirits of wickedness’” (86:22–6). The same quotation is used by Athanasius ( 295 –373 CE), the to -and- fro bisho...

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