The Illustrated Network- P24 ppt
The Illustrated Network- P24 ppt
... 1 in the three packet set,
so the fi rst router along the path should generate an ICMP Time Exceeded message to
the sender. The round-trip delay in the timestamp fi eld and IP address of the router ...
recorded by the sender and another set of packets is sent, this time with the TTL set
to 2. These packets are discarded by the second router, and another ICMP message is
s...
The Illustrated Network- P16 ppt
... as long as
the IP address (32 bits in the case of IPv4). If the mask bit is a 1 bit, the correspond-
ing bit in the IP address is part of the network portion of the IP address. If the address ... that form the Internet: by the network portion of the IP address.
The whole IP address specifi es the host on the network, and the network portion
identifi es the LAN....
The Illustrated Network- P25 ppt
... at the role of the service- provider
routers in the chapters on routing protocols. For now, we’ll focus on how sending
devices decide whether the destination is on their own network or whether ... to the source when the packet is big-
ger than the MTU for the next-hop link. The next-hop link’s MTU size is reported in the
message. In ICMPv4, this type of information was...
The Illustrated Network- P26 ppt
... when
the IP address prefi x is the same on the destination and on the source. In this case, the
MAC addresses on the frame that leave the source and the ones in the frame that arrive
at the destination ... segment Ethernet LANs, the Ethernet frame that
leaves a source may or may not be the same frame that arrives at the destination. If the
source and destination...
The Illustrated Network- P30 ppt
... Datagram Protocol 263
The DF bit in the packet is set, and the UDP checksum fi eld is used. Technically,
the UDP checksum is optional, and the client decides whether to use it. The server
responds ...
hosts on the network to explore UDP.
260 PART II Core Protocols
At the receiver, the value of the Checksum is copied and the fi eld again set to zero.
The checksum is aga...
The Illustrated Network- P33 pptx
... congested (they are the fi rst to know), so they can
easily fl ip some bits in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers of the packets they route. These bits
are in the TOS (IPv4) and Flow (IPv6) fi elds, and the hosts ... 11.3, the client chooses an initial sequence
number (ISN) in the fi rst SYN sent to the server. The server ACKs the ISN by adding one
to the proposed ISN (ACKs alway...
The Illustrated Network- P35 pptx
... (DOS).
Sockets for Windows
The pressure that led to the development of the WinSock interface is simple to
relate. Users wanted to hook their Windows-based PCs into the Internet. The Internet
only understands ... as the Unix operating system
handles that. With Windows applications written for the WinSock DLL, all of the TCP/IP
processes worried about the decision of whethe...
The Illustrated Network- P44 pptx
... portion of the Ethereal capture of the packet stream, detailing the UDP con-
tent inside the IP packet.
FIGURE 16.2
Multicast packet capture, showing the MAC address format used and the port in the ... indicates the number of bits that is signifi cant
in the following prefi x. There is no length fi eld for this list that ends the Update
message. The number of NLRIs presen...
The Illustrated Network- P54 pptx
... contrast to the text fi les used in most Unix DNS
versions (as shown in Figure 19.4).
The Ethereal capture in Figure 19.5 shows the utter simplicity of the DNS message
exchanges. There’s even ... "named.local";
};
The two zone statements only point to the root servers on the Internet (in the hints fi le
named.ca) and make this server the master for its own loopba...
The Illustrated Network- P62 ppt
... and there.
In this chapter, we explore the SSL, the most widely deployed security protocol on
the Web (and in the world) today. Many users notice the little yellow lock that appears
in the ... brand
new to the server.
Stateless servers are the easiest to operate. If they fail, just start them up again. No
one cares where they left off. You can even transfer processing to an...
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