Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P2 pps
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P2 pps
... the mass to 0.1 µg. This lumped mass m
eff
, however, is smaller than the real mass m, by a factor
that depends on the geometry of the cantilever.
A good rule of thumb says that the effective mass ... the real mass. Today, micro-machined
cantilevers are commercially available and are used almost exclusively.
2.2.4 Materials and Geometry
Cantilevers have been made from a whole range of materia...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P16 pps
...
Schematics of (a) permanent magnet millimotor with integrated milligear box, (b) of wolfrom-type
system made of Ni–Fe metal (Lehr et al., 1996), and (c) of multistage planetary gear system made ... with normal load is very small
and all depths are less than 30 nm, while the Si(100) and polysilicon films reach depths in excess of
150 nm. Figure 16.17 shows 3D images of the scratch marks.
Wear...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P1 docx
... properties of mating components dominate the tribological perfor-
mance. In micro/nanotribology, measurements are made on components, at least one of the mating
components, with relatively small mass ... 1989; Mamin et
al., 1990;
Utsugi, 1990; Hosoki et
al., 1992; Kobayashi et
al., 1993), and nanomachining (Parkinson, 1990). AFMs
have also been used for nanofabrication (Maju...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P3 pptx
... elastic effects in any measuring apparatus and in the
materials involved that make measurement of the force distribution at the interface difficult. Materials
can change mechanical properties as a result ... as
hardness, ductility, defect formation, plasticity, strain hardening, and creep must be considered. Surface
properties may be altered just by contact with the counterface material (Carpi...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P4 docx
... be resolved. One may ask how is it that, under increasing load, smaller asperities under plastic
deformation may merge to form a larger spot which can be under elastic deformation. A qualitative
answer ... be
approximated by an ellipse. Then the x- and the y-directions correspond to the major and the minor axes of the
ellipse. The assumption made in this model is that the major and minor axes...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P5 docx
... water (≈80).
5.3.4 Electromagnetic Forces
There are three classes of magnetism — diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. In paramag-
netic and diamagnetic materials, electron spins are ... was written. For example, many simulations neglect the fact that electrons have spin,
so that normally magnetic materials may not have magnetic moments in a simulation. Magnetic forces
can overpowe...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P6 pptx
... be deflected (normal force signal).
Images taken in the constant-height mode show no contrast in the topographic image, in this case all
information is in the normal force image. Images taken in ... the other, the decrease
of the normal force for increasing tip–sample distance, normal and lateral forces are calculated as
Therefore, minima and maxima of the normal and lateral forces are shifted...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P7 docx
... scanned at various normal loads (ranging from 1 to 100 µN) for a selected number
of cycles. For nanofabrication/nanomachining, the nanoscratching operation is extended.
For nanoindentation hardness ... 1993), and nanomachining (Parkinson, 1990). AFMs have also
been used for nanofabrication (Majumdar et al., 1992; Bhushan et al., 1994a,c; Bhushan, 1995a,b, 1998a,b;
Tsau et al., 1994) and nanom...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P8 pdf
... microscopy.
8.2 Nanodeformation, Adhesive Forces,
and Molecular Conformation
Nanodeformation behavior of the bonded lubricant was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM)
by Blackman et al. ... Atomic
Force/Friction
Force Microscopy
Bharat Bhushan
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nanodeformation, Adhesive Forces, and Molecular
Conformation
8.3 Boundary Lubrication Studies
Liquid Lubric...
Sổ tay ma sát và Nano P9 ppt
... component. This may or may not be superimposed on a
monotonic repulsion (Figure 9.9) due to image interactions (Jönsson and Wennerström, 1983), structural
or H-bonding interactions (Marcelja and ... mismatching effects. As shown by the experiments, within the last 1 or 2 nm, these effects can alter
the adhesive minima at a given separation by a factor of two. The force barriers, or maxima, .....
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