... as appropriate within the text as a graphi-cal design notation. Some other graphical notations – flowcharts, structure charts anddata flow diagrams are also used.Java is used as an illustrative ... software is software that helps perform some directly useful or enjoyabletask. Examples are games, the software for automatic teller machines (ATMs), thecontrol software in an airplane, e-mail software, ... hardware and software can be a lively battleground for contro-versy. In the early days of computers, hardware was costly and software relatively cheap.Nowadays, thanks to mass production and...