... Whatever you do to an object in a
program, it always retains the features it had when it was created. An object can be
assigned to a variable of another class and passed around the program as a ... inheritance, you use an existing class as the basis for creating a modified class.
We again use as an example the cyberspace invaders program that displays graphical
images on the screen...
... software engineering methods are well-defined while others
are ill-defined. And the processes of software development are always under debate.
Software engineering is about imagination and creativity ... 410
B Glossary 411
C UML Summary 412
C.1 Use case diagrams 412
C.2 Class diagrams 413
C.3 Package diagrams 414
C.4 Activity diagrams 414
Further reading 416
Bibliography 417
Index 4...
... (index).
But, in contrast to an array, items can be added or removed from anywhere within
an array list. Also an array list grows and shrinks as necessary to accommodate the
required data. An array list holds ... accounts, and so on. Through classi-
fication, we are able to associate characteristics common to all members of a class. All
mammals are vertebrates (have backbones), are warm-blo...
... summary, the rules for selecting test data for black box testing using equivalence
partitioning are:
1. partition the input data values
2. select representative data from each partition (equivalent ... mathematical notation. One such
specification language is called Z. Once the formal specification for a program has been
written, there are two alternative approaches:
1. write the prog...
... are always
informal processes at work – both individual and group. A project manager needs an
awareness of these processes and needs to know what can be done to avoid weakening
a team and what ... what
blend of criteria is appropriate for the particular project. For example, the set of goals
for a particular project might be to optimize:
■ development effort,
■ reliability, and
■...
... Visual Basic started out as a toy and became a widely used tool for serious
Windows-based applications. Java emerged as a secure and portable language with net-
centric features.
Any language for ... influ-
enced by many factors not directly related to the programming language itself. For
example, many organizations have a substantial investment in a particular programming...
... Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bell, Doug, 1944-
Software engineering ... Page ii
Software Engineering
for Students
BELL _A0 1.QXD 2/2/05 3:20 PM Page i
Software Engineering
for Students
A Programming Approach
Fourth Edition
DOUGLAS BELL...
... as appropriate within the text as a graphi-
cal design notation. Some other graphical notations – flowcharts, structure charts and
data flow diagrams are also used.
Java is used as an illustrative ... software is software that helps perform some directly useful or enjoyable
task. Examples are games, the software for automatic teller machines (ATMs), the
control software in an airp...
... Arguably, as hardware becomes
available to make previously impractical software projects feasible, software costs can only
continue to escalate.
In summary, what we see today is that software ... often as software. Although this is grounds for
friendly rivalry between software and hardware designers, it can be no grounds for com-
placency among software people.
There are partic...