Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 22 pot

... by value; a copy of the value of the actual param- eter is passed to the formal parameter, which again acts as a local variable. Manipulation of the formal parameter does not immediately affect ... parameters. Using call by reference, the location of the actual parameter is bound to the formal parameter. The formal and actual parameter names are thus aliases; modification of the formal pa...

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... Page 422 abstraction 99, 107 acceptance test 251, 332 activity diagrams 414 Ada 177, 189, 215, 233, 254, 393 adaptive maintenance 11 adversary team 275 agile manifesto 330 agile methods 330 Algol ... 322 orthogonality 177 OSM 323 overwork 334 package diagrams 414 packages 223 pair programming 286, 334 paralysis 371 parameters 188 Pascal 393 patient monitoring system case study 113, 229...

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... software engineering methods are well-defined while others are ill-defined. And the processes of software development are always under debate. Software engineering is about imagination and creativity ... 410 B Glossary 411 C UML Summary 412 C.1 Use case diagrams 412 C.2 Class diagrams 413 C.3 Package diagrams 414 C.4 Activity diagrams 414 Further reading 416 Bibliography 417 Index 4...

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... cases and UML use case diagrams. A use case is a textual description of a small, but complete user task. A use case diagram shows all the actors and all the use cases for a system. The main issue ... the system. A user who is carrying out a particular role is called an actor. A use case is a task that an actor needs the system to carry out. For example, in the ATM system...

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... that grows downwards uniformly. This is the breadth-first approach to design; it matches the strict, abstract machine view of software design described above. An alternative approach is to pursue ... program. The central idea of structured programming is abstraction. Indeed, we can define struc- tured programming as: “the systematic use of (control) abstraction in programming (Abs...

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... “traditional” procedural languages, such as Fortran, Cobol, Ada, C++, Visual Basic, C# and Java. (Other approaches to programming languages are functional programming and logic programming. ) The main ... Class. 13.2 1. a house has -a roof and a door. A house is -a dwelling 2. a man (and a woman) is -a person 3. an engine has -a piston and a gearbox and an engine 4. a c...

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... (index). But, in contrast to an array, items can be added or removed from anywhere within an array list. Also an array list grows and shrinks as necessary to accommodate the required data. An array list holds ... accounts, and so on. Through classi- fication, we are able to associate characteristics common to all members of a class. All mammals are vertebrates (have backbones), are warm-blo...

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... Whatever you do to an object in a program, it always retains the features it had when it was created. An object can be assigned to a variable of another class and passed around the program as a ... inheritance, you use an existing class as the basis for creating a modified class. We again use as an example the cyberspace invaders program that displays graphical images on the screen...

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... summary, the rules for selecting test data for black box testing using equivalence partitioning are: 1. partition the input data values 2. select representative data from each partition (equivalent ... mathematical notation. One such specification language is called Z. Once the formal specification for a program has been written, there are two alternative approaches: 1. write the prog...

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... of the drawbacks of a strict waterfall model is that the water cannot flow upwards – if a problem is found at a particular stage in development, there is no way of redoing an earlier stage in order ... stipulate what notations are used for the products at each stage. (This whole book is about the different methods and notations that are available.) It merely provides a framework fo...

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