Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 36 pdf

... Understanding, ed. Fraser (Oxford, 18 94), I, 33 1- 3 33; Leibniz, Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, ed. Fammarion, p. 11 9. of an action is to remove a certain uneasiness, instinct-psychology ... transformed into a plant and reduced to a merely vegetative existence. ACTING MAN 29 11 . On the philosophy of history, cf. Mises, Theory and History (New Haven, 19 57), pp. 15 9....

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... the manufacturer and “exploiter” Engels, and Lenin, the scion of the Russian gentry, were certainly not of proletarian background. But Hitler and Mus- solini were genuine proletarians and spent their ... their fault that ECONOMICS AND THE REVOLT AGAINST REASON 83 undeniable fact. What they really wanted to say was that historical under- standing, aesthetic empathy, and value judg...

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... of well-being. They want more and better food, better homes and clothes, and a thousand other amenities. They strive after abundance and health. Taking these goals as given, applied physiology ... ultimate good and the means goods. In applying this terminology economists mainly used to think as technologists and not as praxeologists. They differentiated between free goods and ec...

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... time and of causality. The praxeological system too is aprioristic and deductive. As a system it is out of time. But change is one of its elements. The notions of sooner and later and of cause and ... substituted for that of cause and effect. It will be shown later that axiomatic mechanics cannot serve as a model for the treatment of the economic system. Cf. below, pp. 35 3-3...

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... of all events and changes is uniquely determined by eternal unchangeable laws governing becoming and devel- opment in the whole universe. We may consider the necessary connection and interdependence ... choosing and acting. We merely establish the fact that he chooses and acts and that we are at a loss to use the methods of the natural sciences for answering the question why he ac...

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... owns five units of commodity a and three units of commodity b. He attaches to the units of a the rank-orders 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8, to the units of b the rank-orders 3, 5, and 6. This means: If he must ... theory of value and prices based on the concepts of utility and use-value. The economists believed that they had to abandon such a theory and tried to explain the phenomena of valu...

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... the same investment of capital for a 2 days and for b 3 days are required, and if capital goods and a and b are freely movable from England to India and vice versa, while there is no mobility ... in the emer- gence of the structure-function systems of plant and animal bodies and in the operation of the societies of ants, bees, and hornets. Human society is an intellectual and...

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... Government (New Haven, 194 4), pp. 22 1-2 28, 12 9- 1 3 1-1 40. direction retrogression. Without reference to some agent’s action and to a definite goal both these notions are empty and void of any meaning. It ... Christianity and the non-Christian religions, be- tween the advocates of economic freedom and the various brands of Marxian materialism, between nationalists and inte...

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... social cooperation: cooperation by virtue of contract and coordination, and cooperation by virtue of command and subordination or hegemony. Where and as far as cooperation is based on contract, the ... the same relation to Tom as Tom has to John. Where and as far as cooperation is based on command and subordination, there is the man who commands and there are those who obey his...

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... market, action means buying and selling. Everything that economics asserts about demand and supply refers to every instance of demand and supply and not only to demand and supply brought about by ... economy with immor- tal, non-aging and nonproliferating men. We are free to assume that infants are born, grow old, and finally die, provided that total population figures and the...

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... interference of govern- ments and labor unions and the pressure of public opinion aroused by humanitarian authors. But for this interference and pressure the entrepre- neurs and capitalists would ... underpriv- ileged peasants and artisans operated their farms and shops on their own account and peril. Only when their processes of production were accom- plished did the lord step...

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... operation of the market economy. Confiscatory Taxation and Risk-Taking A popular fallacy considers entrepreneurial profit a reward for risk-tak- ing. It looks upon the entrepreneur as a gambler who ... wealth? How would Rockefel- ler and Ford have been in a position to acquire “power” if they had been prevented from acquiring wealth? After all, those statolatrists are on com- paratively b...

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... directly lead toward socialism, and how many hold fast to the illusion that what they are aiming at is a middle-of-the-road system that can last as a permanent system-a “third solution” of the problem ... pressure group, people clamor for new interven- tions, controls, and restrictions. But for the inefficiency of the law-givers and the laxity, carelessness, and corruption of many of...

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... harm welfare and well-being and disintegrate social cooperation. It is fashionable today to disparage those thinkers who criticized the liberal philosophers’ faith in the common man. Yet, Burke and Haller, Bonald ... human society depends on two factors: the intellectual power of outstanding men to conceive sound social and economic theories, and the ability of these or other men to...

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... of Indepen- dence and the Gettysburg Address and that of the Communist Manifesto. The challenge is there, and it is useless to bury one’s head in the sand. On the high school level and even on ... economy. There are thousands and thousands of such professional experts busy in the bureaus of the governments and of the various political parties and pressure groups and in the edi...

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