Luận án kinh tế - "Human and action" - Chapter 33 pptx

... Understanding, ed. Fraser (Oxford, 18 94), I, 33 1- 3 33; Leibniz, Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, ed. Fammarion, p. 11 9. of an action is to remove a certain uneasiness, instinct-psychology ... transformed into a plant and reduced to a merely vegetative existence. ACTING MAN 29 11 . On the philosophy of history, cf. Mises, Theory and History (New Haven, 19 57), pp. 15 9....

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... the manufacturer and “exploiter” Engels, and Lenin, the scion of the Russian gentry, were certainly not of proletarian background. But Hitler and Mus- solini were genuine proletarians and spent their ... their fault that ECONOMICS AND THE REVOLT AGAINST REASON 83 undeniable fact. What they really wanted to say was that historical under- standing, aesthetic empathy, and value judg...

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... of well-being. They want more and better food, better homes and clothes, and a thousand other amenities. They strive after abundance and health. Taking these goals as given, applied physiology ... ultimate good and the means goods. In applying this terminology economists mainly used to think as technologists and not as praxeologists. They differentiated between free goods and ec...

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... time and of causality. The praxeological system too is aprioristic and deductive. As a system it is out of time. But change is one of its elements. The notions of sooner and later and of cause and ... substituted for that of cause and effect. It will be shown later that axiomatic mechanics cannot serve as a model for the treatment of the economic system. Cf. below, pp. 35 3-3...

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... of all events and changes is uniquely determined by eternal unchangeable laws governing becoming and devel- opment in the whole universe. We may consider the necessary connection and interdependence ... choosing and acting. We merely establish the fact that he chooses and acts and that we are at a loss to use the methods of the natural sciences for answering the question why he ac...

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... owns five units of commodity a and three units of commodity b. He attaches to the units of a the rank-orders 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8, to the units of b the rank-orders 3, 5, and 6. This means: If he must ... theory of value and prices based on the concepts of utility and use-value. The economists believed that they had to abandon such a theory and tried to explain the phenomena of valu...

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... the same investment of capital for a 2 days and for b 3 days are required, and if capital goods and a and b are freely movable from England to India and vice versa, while there is no mobility ... in the emer- gence of the structure-function systems of plant and animal bodies and in the operation of the societies of ants, bees, and hornets. Human society is an intellectual and...

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... Government (New Haven, 194 4), pp. 22 1-2 28, 12 9- 1 3 1-1 40. direction retrogression. Without reference to some agent’s action and to a definite goal both these notions are empty and void of any meaning. It ... Christianity and the non-Christian religions, be- tween the advocates of economic freedom and the various brands of Marxian materialism, between nationalists and inte...

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... social cooperation: cooperation by virtue of contract and coordination, and cooperation by virtue of command and subordination or hegemony. Where and as far as cooperation is based on contract, the ... the same relation to Tom as Tom has to John. Where and as far as cooperation is based on command and subordination, there is the man who commands and there are those who obey his...

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... notion of an unchangeable standard. There are monetary units and there are measurable physical units of various economic goods and of many—but not of all-services bought and sold. But the exchange ... were by and large relegated to a subordi- nate place. There were treatises on catallactics which dealt only incidentally and cursorily with monetary matters, and there were books on...

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... balance sheets and in profit- and- loss statements is the evaluation of assets and liabilities not embodied in cash. All such balances and statements are virtually interim balances and interim statements. ... of mongering and peddling. Complacency, self-righteousness, and hypocrisy exult in scorning the “dol- lar-philosophy” of our age. Neurotic reformers, mentally unbalanced lit...

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... serious blunder to speak of a land monopoly and to refer to monopoly prices and monopoly gains in explaining the prices of agricultural products and the rent of land. As far as history is confronted ... unadul- terated recording of individual single prices and begin to construct series and to compute averages. A datum of experience and a statistical fact is only a price paid at a...

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... carbohydrates, and fat are de- manded by man, we do not inquire why the satisfaction of vital needs appears imperative and does not brook any delay. We must conceive that consump- tion and enjoyment ... a uniform world-embracing market system. It is true that this result was attained in some areas, like the British and the Dutch East Indies and Malaya, only by colonial regimes and...

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... no economist ever ventured to deny that war and conquest were of utmost importance in the past and that Huns and Tartars, Vandals and Vikings, Normans and conquistadors played an enormous part ... revolution, bloodshed and conquest. Car- lyle and Ruskin, Nietzsche, Georges Sorel, and Spengler were harbingers of the ideas which Lenin and Stalin, Hitler and Mussolini put int...

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... point out the alleged superiority of the old quasi-representative assemblies of the type of the French Etats-Generaux and the German Standische Landtage as against the modern parliamentary bodies. ... against Prussian bondage and at the same time to recommend the methods of Bismark and 816 HUMAN ACTION 1. Cf. F.R. Fairchild, Profits and the Ability to Pay Wages (Irvington-on-Hudson, 1...

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