Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 73 pps
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 73 pps
... Dallas-Atlanta 1305 19 43 26 Kansas City-Nashville 873 68 102 80 Kansas City-Chicago 750 26 61 29 Nashville-Atlanta 388 63 47 14 Atlanta-Tampa 742 48 30 14 Tampa-Miami 370 33 45 25 Miami-Charlotte ... refers to an undersea cable used to connect two locations that are not separated by a body of water, usu- ally neighboring countries. A trunk-and-branch configuration is also popul...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 1 ppsx
... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 11 ppsx
... cross-sectional area. (a) A typical distribution of the signal inten- sity along the radius of optical fiber. (b) A hypothetical intensity distribution, equivalent to that in (a) for many purposes, ... a factor of C~ after it has propagated a distance equal to the dispersion length. 70 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER I Figure 2.8 A (negatively) chirped Gaussian pu...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 14 pps
... chirped Gaus- sian pulse with initial width To after it has propagated a distance z. Show that an unchirped Gaussian pulse launched at z - 0 remains Gaussian for all z but acquires a distance-dependent ... important at higher bit rates. The main nonlinear effects that impair high-speed WDM transmis- sion are self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing. We studied the origin of the...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 19 ppsx
... reflections can convert the amplifier into a laser, making it unusable as an amplifier. A combination of several factors has made the EDFA the amplifier of choice in today's optical communication ... multiplexers and demultiplexers. 3.4 Optical Amplifiers In an optical communication system, the optical signals from the transmitter are at- tenuated by the optical fiber...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 26 ppsx
... devices, and a variety of technologies are avail- able to build smaller-scale switches. All -optical wavelength converters are still in the research laboratories, awaiting significant cost reductions ... commercial devices. High-speed APDs and pinFET receivers are both available today. Large-scale MEMS-based optical switches for use in wavelength crossconnects are now emerging as co...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 27 ppsx
... S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Recent advances in ultra-wideband Raman amplifiers. In OFC 2000 Technical Digest, pages FF-1-FF-2, 2000. [NE01] S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Ultra-broadband Raman amplifiers ... this case, compute the best-case and worst-case loss seen by a channel that is dropped, a channel that is added, and a channel that is passed through the device. (c) Another way to reali...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 30 pps
... For a BER rate of 10 -9 ,y~6. Note that it is particularly important to have a variable threshold setting in receivers if they must operate in systems with signal-dependent noise, such as optical ... receivers are generally quite complex to implement and must deal with a variety of impairments. Note that in our derivation we assumed that the phase and polarization of the two w...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 33 ppsx
... that all channels are received with approximately the same signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver and fall within the receiver's dynamic range. However, the amount of equalization that ... The flatness of the EDFA passband becomes a critical issue in WDM systems with cascaded amplifiers. The amplifier gain is not exactly the same at each wavelength. Small variations in gain betwee...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 40 ppsx
... layers in backbone networks today are SONET/SDH, IP, and ATM. SONET/SDH is particularly adept at dealing with lower-speed time divi- sion multiplexed streams, whereas IP and ATM are adept at ... signal. The optical interface corresponding to the STS-3 rate is called OC-3 (optical carrier-3), and similar optical interfaces have been defined for OC-12, OC-48, OC-192, and OC-768 corresp...
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21