Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 69 pptx
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3 pptx
... Functions of ATM 38 2
6.2.2 Adaptation Layers 38 5
6.2 .3 Quality of Service 38 6
6.2.4 Flow Control 38 7
6.2.5 Signaling and Routing 38 7
6 .3 IP 38 8
6 .3. 1 Routing and Forwarding 39 0
6 .3. 2 Quality ... Service 39 2
6 .3. 3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 39 2
6 .3. 4 Whither ATM? 39 4
6.4 Storage-Area Networks 39 5
6.4.1 ESCON 39 6
6.4.2 Fibre Channel 39...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 13 pptx
...
COS((O9i
-Jr- (.O j -Jr-
co k ) t
- ( fl i -[ - ~ j [- ~ k ) Z )
[- COS((O)i
-Jr- O) j O) k ) t ( fl i -Jr- fl j ilk)Z)
-[ - COS((O)i
O) j -Jr-
co ~ ) t
- ( i~ i - fl j + ilk)Z)
-+ - COS((O)i ... of DSF and LEAE Note that the power
in the case of LEAF is distributed over a larger area. (After [Liu98].)
6 -
4
-
r~
~ 0-
0
r,~ ~2 m...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 16 pptx
... gratings are classified as either
short-period
or
long-period
gratings, based
on the period of the grating. Short-period gratings are also called Bragg gratings and
have periods that are ... operation of a transmission grating. The reflection grating
works in an analogous manner. The path length difference between rays diffracted at
angle
Oa
from adjacent slits is
AB - CD =...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 21 pptx
... laser, in general, uses a
wavelength-selective
mirror
instead of a wavelength-flat mirror. (A highly polished and/or metal-coated
facet used in conventional lasers acts as a wavelength-flat ... wavelength). These lasers can all be
grown on a single substrate in the form of an array. Four- and eight-wavelength laser
arrays have been fabricated in research laboratories, but have...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 24 pptx
... switch signals on a packet-by-
packet basis. For this application, the switching time must be much smaller than a
packet duration, and large switches will be needed. For example, a 53-byte packet ... these mirrors can be manufac-
tured and packaged as arrays. Moreover, the mirrors can be fabricated using fairly
standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. These mirrors are deflec...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 32 pptx
... erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) operating in the C-band. In addition,
L-band EDFAs and Raman amplifiers are also used. EDFAs are used in almost all
amplified WDM systems, whereas Raman amplifiers ... with a receiver are its
sensitivity
and
overload
parameter.
The sensitivity is the average optical power required to achieve a certain
bit error rate at a particular bit rate....
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 34 pptx
... Sources of intrachannel crosstalk. (a) A cascaded wavelength demultiplexer and a mul-
tiplexer, and (b) an optical switch.
The crosstalk penalty is highest when the state of polarization (SOP) ... crosstalk. However, there are a few architectural
approaches toward reducing specific forms of crosstalk, particularly crosstalk arising
in optical switches.
The first approach is to...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 44 pptx
... J. Walrand and P. Varaiya.
High-Performance Communication Networks. Morgan
Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2000.
7.3 Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers
409
Figure 7.4 A
three-node linear network example ...
Transparency.
Transparency refers to the fact that the lightpaths can carry data at a
variety of bit rates, protocols, and so forth and can, in effect, be made protocol
insensitive. Th...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 48 pptx
...
8.1 Cost Trade-Offs: A Detailed Ring Network Example
441
cost trade-offs between the higher-layer and optical- layer equipment in a ring net-
work. We will then discuss the LTD and RWA problems, ... with and without wavelength conversion capability. (We will discuss a practical
long-haul network design example in Section 13.2.6.)
8.1
Cost Trade-Offs" A Detailed Ring Net...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 51 pptx
... important role in determining the reuse factor. Note that for the same num-
ber of available paths, the max-used algorithms have a distinct advantage over the
random algorithms. The intuitive reason ... phenomenon is that the max-used
strategy provides a higher likelihood of finding the same free wavelength on all
the links along a particular route. A drawback of the max-used algo...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 53 pptx
... of all -optical routing in transport
networks. In
0FC'95 Technical Digest,
pages 16 4-1 65, 1995.
[RS95] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan. Routing and wavelength assignment in
all -optical ... Karmi. Lightpath communications: An approach to
high-bandwidth optical WAN's.
IEEE Transactions on Communications,
40(7).117 1-1 182, July 1992.
[CGK93] I. Chlamtac, A. Ganz,...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 63 pptx
... share a
large total amount of bandwidth among many NIUs rather than assign each NIU
its own dedicated bandwidth. On the other hand, with dedicated bandwidth, each
NIU can be guaranteed a certain ... coax to each home that it serves. Each coax leg
serves about 5 0-5 00 homes. Logically, the architecture is a broadcast bus, although it
is implemented as a combination of optical...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 69 pptx
... the tunable converter assumes that the incoming
data is electrical and uses a tunable laser and external modulator to provide a tun-
able optical input into an arrayed waveguide grating. A 16 ... with a delay larger than d.
Another demonstrator used a broadcast-and-select approach as shown in Fig-
ure 12.24. Here packets arriving at different inputs are assigned different wave...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 70 pptx
... the header and payload. Again, if we want to maintain the payload at
90% of the overall packet, and the header at 10 bytes at 1 Gb/s, what size
does the payload need to be?
References
[Ams83] ... S. Amstutz. Burst switching an introduction.
IEEE Communications Magazine,
21:3 6-4 2, Nov. 1983.
[AS92] A. S. Acampora and S. I. A. Shah. Multihop lightwave networks: A comparison of...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 77 pptx
... propagate, consider a pulse consisting of just two spectral
components: one at coo + Ao) and the other at coo - Ao). Further assume that Ao) is
small so that we may approximate
fl(O)0 -4 - AO)) ... the propagation constant, (E.5)
must be modified to read
3A 3A i 3 2A
0-~ -~ - fl l ~- ~t_ -~ f12 -~ "-iyIal 2 A .
(E.13)
i 3 2A
incorporates the ef...