Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 46 ppt
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 46 ppt
... based on characteristics of commercially available equipment at OC-192 line rates. Attribute Opaque Opaque Opaque All -Optical Electrical Optical Optical with O/E/Os Figure 7.9 (a) Figure ... signal is split into two parts. One part is sent to the core, and the other part is made available at the test access port. OXCs also provide loopback ca- pabilities. This allows a lightpath ... switches can be realized using a variety of different technologies. Based on the discussion above, it would appear that the wavelength plane ap- proach offers a cheaper alternative to large-scale...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3 pptx
... added a large amount of new material, and removed some material that is not as relevant to practical optical networks. We have also updated the references and added some new problems. The major ... tool, Ashutosh Kulshreshtha for also computing the detailed mesh network design example, Tapan Kumar Nayak for computing the lightpath topology design example, Parthasarathi Palai for simulating ... instead focus on Chapters 2-5 and omit the remaining chapters. Each chapter is accompanied by a number of prob- lems, and instructors may obtain a solution manual by contacting the publisher at...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 9 ppt
... the propagation constant is knl, and for a wave propagating only in the cladding, the propagation constant is kn2. The fiber modes propagate partly 54 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER ... incident at an angle 00 < 0~ nax= sin -i V/n12 - n22 (2.2) no at the air-core interface will undergo total internal reflection at the Core-cladding interface and will thus propagate. Such rays ... (nl - nz)/nl by A. For small A, 0~ nax ~ sin -1 nl,/~ As an example, if A = 0.01 which is a typical n0 " value for (multimode) fiber, and nl = 1.5, a typical value for silica, assuming...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 13 pptx
... COS((O9i -Jr- (.O j -Jr- co k ) t - ( fl i -[ - ~ j [- ~ k ) Z ) [- COS((O)i -Jr- O) j O) k ) t ( fl i -Jr- fl j ilk)Z) -[ - COS((O)i O) j -Jr- co ~ ) t - ( i~ i - fl j + ilk)Z) -+ - COS((O)i ... of DSF and LEAE Note that the power in the case of LEAF is distributed over a larger area. (After [Liu98].) 6 - 4 - r~ ~ 0- 0 r,~ ~2 m ~-4 - -6 - I - J , Positive J ', - dispersion ... fiber, and LEAE As we shall see in Chapter 5, in addition to having a small value, it is important to have a small slope (versus wavelength) for the chromatic dispersion. Having a small slope...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 16 pptx
... gratings are classified as either short-period or long-period gratings, based on the period of the grating. Short-period gratings are also called Bragg gratings and have periods that are ... operation of a transmission grating. The reflection grating works in an analogous manner. The path length difference between rays diffracted at angle Oa from adjacent slits is AB - CD = a[ sin(Oi) ... and Filters 125 0 ~ -1 0 -2 0 ~ -3 0 | -4 0 _ -2 0 A, k /A (n) 0 i , , , -4 0 4 -4 -2 0 2 A) ~ /A (b) -1 0 2 r~ ~ -2 0 0 -3 0 Figure 3.12 Reflection spectra of Bragg gratings with (a) ...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 21 pptx
... laser, in general, uses a wavelength-selective mirror instead of a wavelength-flat mirror. (A highly polished and/or metal-coated facet used in conventional lasers acts as a wavelength-flat ... wavelength). These lasers can all be grown on a single substrate in the form of an array. Four- and eight-wavelength laser arrays have been fabricated in research laboratories, but have not quite ... cavity, as shown in Figure 3 .46. Such a laser is called a grating external cavity laser. In this case, the facet of the gain cavity facing the grating is given an antireflection coating. The wavelengths...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 24 pptx
... switch signals on a packet-by- packet basis. For this application, the switching time must be much smaller than a packet duration, and large switches will be needed. For example, a 53-byte packet ... these mirrors can be manufac- tured and packaged as arrays. Moreover, the mirrors can be fabricated using fairly standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. These mirrors are deflected from ... the n-stage planar architecture. Table 3.5 Comparison of different optical switching technologies. The mechanical, MEMS, and polymer-based switches behave in the same manner for 1.3 and 1.55...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 31 ppt
... and 0 bit, respectively. Let a 2 and cr 2 denote the noise variances for a 1 and 0 bit, respectively. Assume that the noise is Gaussian and that a 1 and 0 bit are equally likely. In this case, ... (4.17). What do you observe as the optical bandwidth is increased? You are doing an experiment to measure the BER of an optically preamplified re- ceiver. The setup consists of an optical amplifier ... amplifiers has been studied extensively in the literature. Amplifier noise statistics have been derived using quantum mechani- cal approaches [Per73, Yam80, MYK82, Dan95] as well as semiclassical approaches...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 32 pptx
... erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) operating in the C-band. In addition, L-band EDFAs and Raman amplifiers are also used. EDFAs are used in almost all amplified WDM systems, whereas Raman amplifiers ... with a receiver are its sensitivity and overload parameter. The sensitivity is the average optical power required to achieve a certain bit error rate at a particular bit rate. It is usually ... M.W. Sachs and A. Varma. Fibre channel and related standards. IEEE Communications Magazine, 34( 8):4 0-4 9, Aug. 1996. [vT68] H.L. van Trees. Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 34 pptx
... Sources of intrachannel crosstalk. (a) A cascaded wavelength demultiplexer and a mul- tiplexer, and (b) an optical switch. The crosstalk penalty is highest when the state of polarization (SOP) ... crosstalk. However, there are a few architectural approaches toward reducing specific forms of crosstalk, particularly crosstalk arising in optical switches. The first approach is to use spatial ... and 4~,(t) and Ckx(t) are the ran- dom phases of the signal and crosstalk channels, respectively. It is assumed that all channels have an ideal extinction ratio of oo. 5.6 Crosstalk 30~ Figure...
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Từ khóa: intellectual property and open source a practical guide to protecting codeship it! a practical guidea practical guide for independentlogistics from a historical perspectiveintroduces a practical solution963 bài essays mẫu part 46Báo cáo thực tập tại nhà thuốc tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2018Nghiên cứu tổ hợp chất chỉ điểm sinh học vWF, VCAM 1, MCP 1, d dimer trong chẩn đoán và tiên lượng nhồi máu não cấpGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôitGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôitĐỒ ÁN NGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWANĐỒ ÁN NGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWANNGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWAN SLIDEQuản lý hoạt động học tập của học sinh theo hướng phát triển kỹ năng học tập hợp tác tại các trường phổ thông dân tộc bán trú huyện ba chẽ, tỉnh quảng ninhPhối hợp giữa phòng văn hóa và thông tin với phòng giáo dục và đào tạo trong việc tuyên truyền, giáo dục, vận động xây dựng nông thôn mới huyện thanh thủy, tỉnh phú thọNghiên cứu tổng hợp các oxit hỗn hợp kích thƣớc nanomet ce 0 75 zr0 25o2 , ce 0 5 zr0 5o2 và khảo sát hoạt tính quang xúc tác của chúngNghiên cứu khả năng đo năng lượng điện bằng hệ thu thập dữ liệu 16 kênh DEWE 5000BT Tieng anh 6 UNIT 2Tăng trưởng tín dụng hộ sản xuất nông nghiệp tại Ngân hàng Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn Việt Nam chi nhánh tỉnh Bắc Giang (Luận văn thạc sĩ)Giáo án Sinh học 11 bài 15: Tiêu hóa ở động vậtGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vậtGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vậtGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vậtĐổi mới quản lý tài chính trong hoạt động khoa học xã hội trường hợp viện hàn lâm khoa học xã hội việt namHIỆU QUẢ CỦA MÔ HÌNH XỬ LÝ BÙN HOẠT TÍNH BẰNG KIỀMTÁI CHẾ NHỰA VÀ QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI Ở HOA KỲ