The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 87 pot

... from the combination of the agent’s character and his beliefs about the conse- quences of acting in one way rather than another. The beliefs are the cause of the action, but, like all other causes, they ... Positivism (Oxford, 1981). scholasticism. The philosophy of the ‘schools’, i.e. the tradition which arose in the medieval universities and is associated with the m...

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... chosen by the high principle of nose to the grindstone. There are entries in it, as already noticed, that are owed to their intrinsic interest rather than their proven place in a sterner editor’s ... logic, the philosophy of mind, aesthetics, and so on. In the case of each of these, the book contains a long essay on its history and another on its problems as they now are, by c...

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... the aesthetic, centres on the nature of aesthetic responses and judgements. The philosophy of art and the philosophy of the aesthetic overlap, without either being clearly sub- ordinate to the ... or there is, but reason cannot determine that one is to be preferred to the other by that standard, then the agent (the will) must be free to choose either way. If, in...

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... head, Aristotle left Athens, lived for a while in Assos and Mytilene, and then was invited to return to Macedonia by Philip to tutor Alexander. Aris- totle returned to Athens in 335 at the age ... history of mathematics and Aristoxenus wrote on music. Theophrastus and the next head of the Lyceum, Strato, were independent thinkers, prepared to criticize Aristotle’s views, and...

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... (1918), 179), together with the facts composed of these atoms. Atomism as a theory of matter dates back to the ancients. Hume’s atom- ism is psychological: the ultimate constituents of the world ... Bailey, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus (Oxford, 1928). atomism, psychological. The view that the ultimate con- tents of the mind consist in self-standing items owing their signi...

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... has come to be used, perhaps, to put a good face on the largess of the better-off to the worse-off. It thereby introduces doubts about the moral value of benevolence. The question of the moral ... best understood if we take the primacy of the economic to be an assertion not about causal influences but about historical tendencies. The Marxian theory holds that human hi...

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... merging the terms between which they hold into a single thing; moreover, their togetherness does not seem particularly due to the rela- tion since they have already (logically speaking) to be together ... component, then it seems to require to be related to its terms by fresh relations, and these to be related to those relations and their terms by further ones, and so on in...

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... George Brett and later Fulton H. Anderson shaped the philosophy depart- ment at the University of Toronto into one of the fore- most places for the study of the history of philosophy. Canada had ... affected by all parts of the body, but only by the brain, or perhaps just by one small part of the brain, namely the part containing the “common sense”.’ In his later w...

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... ‘concrete’, namely ‘particular’ and ‘non-abstract’, should not be run together. The deliberate use of the idea of a concrete universal is due to Hegel, for whom the ‘I’, the ‘now’, the ‘spirit of ... would be part of his theme of the dialectical combining of opposites. j.c. Herbert Marcuse, Hegel’s Ontology and the Theory of Historicity (Cambridge, Mass., 1 987) . concupisce...

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... interest in the Hebrew Bible and the political and theological usefulness of the biblical covenant to Protestant writers together gave currency to the idea of a founding agreement. Most of the theoretical ... was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire when he was born there in 1859.) The mathematical logician *Gödel was Austrian. (The German-speaking part of what is now...

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