The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 80 pps

... gnosticism; language, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil- osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the philosophy of; ... language, history of the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of; macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat- ics, history of the philosophy of; medie...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... projects of their own and not be engaged in working on just the same issues as everyone else. The other is an impetus to togetherness— the desire of philosophers to find companions, to be able to interact ... terms. The premisses contain two occurrences of one of the terms, the middle term. It is by virtue of relations of the other two terms to the middle term that t...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... in the more recent history of the subject, while in the case of others it has been claimed that they were unknown or ignored by the ancient thinkers and only came to the fore in philosophy in the period ... exercise it for the benefit of those below them, and if they hold offices of authority they are accountable to those below them and recallable by them. The abolition of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... explanation of the polar bear’s whiteness does not refer to the future camouflaging of the bears, but to the fact that their past camouflaging led to the natural selection of their whiteness. The centrality ... content, or whether the thesis of the survival of the fittest’ simply collapses into the empty truism that ‘whatever survives, survives’. However, there are ways...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... movement inspired by the critique of Aristotelianism by the French philosopher Petrus Ramus. The attempt to establish Lutheran orthodoxy within the Danish Church led to the elimination of Ramism, and to the dominance ... school which drew on Plato to assert the pri- macy of mind as ‘senior to the world, and the architect thereof’. Cudworth’s major work was The Tr...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... of the History of Phil- osophy in the University of Oxford. Historian of ancient philosophy who is sensitive to the methodological distinc- tion between writing history of philosophy as history ... appears that Plato was led to the theory in the first place by con- sidering such types as the type of person who is virtuous, but he then extended it to many other types. d.b...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... tendency to moral myopia. It enjoins listeners to treat others with the understanding and respect they would themselves wish to encounter, and above all not to inflict misfortunes on others that they ... have understood this to mean ‘of logical necessity’, i.e. it would be incoherent to suppose there to be no God. *Atheism does, however, seem to be a coherent position, even...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... community is the synthesis of the two. This last is, in Hegel’s philosophy of history, the final synthesis, but in other instances, the synthesis of one stage of the dialectic can serve as the thesis ... the antithesis of being. Being and nothing, how- ever, are opposites, constantly moving in and apart from each other; they require to be brought together under the synthesi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... Hobbes, they do not take free will to mean the lib- erty of the man [to do] what he has the will, desire, or inclin- ation to do’. Rather, they take free will to refer to some power within the person ... in the land, however many years they or their ancestors have lived there. They are called aliens and may well be persecuted or deported—as if to vindicate the claim that...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... has written on topics in the philosophy of mind, medieval philosophy, ancient philosophy, the philosophy of Wittgenstein, the philosophy of Descartes, moral philosophy, and the philosophy of ... he said there was ‘infinitely more Christian truth’ in the errors of their ways than in the mawkishness, torpor, and sloth of the establishment’. The trick is to be rid of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... flourished in the Roman Empire at the time, and presents his own philosophy as a strong form of rationalism in reaction to them. In the Enneads, he affirms the same themes common to the general Platonic ... opinion therefore inclines to the belief that the distinguishing mark of the organic lies in its high degree of organization rather than anything physical as such. T...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... back to the eighteenth, pessimism to the nineteenth century. The history of the terms themselves reflect the recent growth of the theories. ‘Optimisme’ came into currency in France towards the ... are, therefore, more part of the expository rhetoric of philosophy than of its real substance. But orderly exposition nevertheless contributes valuably to making philosophy...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... debated whether they should seek to guide their political masters according to their philosophical ideals or whether instead they should adapt their skills to the political requirements of the moment. ... the ideal society that was the intended purpose or aim of political philosophy. In the centuries after Plato, the problems of political philosophy ceased to focus on...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... it may be to my advantage not to pay you (rather than pay you) whether or not you do the work, and for you not to do the work (rather than do it) whether or not I pay you; but it is to the advantage ... well- defined terms, and used the principle of *sufficient reason as a guide to these. Lacking the means of experimental verification, they tied their theories to the obse...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... state the ontology of a theory only relative to a translation manual and a background language. There is no non-relative fact of the matter what the ontology of a theory is; or indeed what the ontology ... one object to produce powers in another which then reach us. For example, a quality in the sun causes the mercury to rise in a thermometer. A primitive man may get from t...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20