The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 21 pps
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 107 ppsx
... gnosticism; language,
history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of
the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil-
osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the
philosophy of; ... language, history
of the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of;
macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat-
ics, history of the philosophy of; medie...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 5 ppsx
... projects of their own
and not be engaged in working on just the same issues as
everyone else. The other is an impetus to togetherness—
the desire of philosophers to find companions, to be able
to interact ... terms.
The premisses contain two occurrences of one of the
terms, the middle term. It is by virtue of relations of the
other two terms to the middle term that t...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 6 ppsx
... in the more recent history of
the subject, while in the case of others it has been claimed
that they were unknown or ignored by the ancient
thinkers and only came to the fore in philosophy in the
period ... exercise it for the benefit of those below them, and
if they hold offices of authority they are accountable to
those below them and recallable by them. The abolition of...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 12 pps
... explanation
of the polar bear’s whiteness does not refer to the future
camouflaging of the bears, but to the fact that their
past camouflaging led to the natural selection of their
whiteness.
The centrality ... content, or whether the
thesis of the survival of the fittest’ simply collapses into
the empty truism that ‘whatever survives, survives’.
However, there are ways...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 21 pps
... movement
inspired by the critique of Aristotelianism by the French
philosopher Petrus Ramus. The attempt to establish
Lutheran orthodoxy within the Danish Church led to the
elimination of Ramism, and to the dominance ... school which drew on Plato to assert the pri-
macy of mind as ‘senior to the world, and the architect
thereof’. Cudworth’s major work was The Tr...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 34 ppsx
... of the History of Phil-
osophy in the University of Oxford. Historian of ancient
philosophy who is sensitive to the methodological distinc-
tion between writing history of philosophy as history ... appears
that Plato was led to the theory in the first place by con-
sidering such types as the type of person who is virtuous,
but he then extended it to many other types. d.b...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 37 pps
...
tendency to moral myopia. It enjoins listeners to treat
others with the understanding and respect they would
themselves wish to encounter, and above all not to inflict
misfortunes on others that they ... have
understood this to mean ‘of logical necessity’, i.e. it would
be incoherent to suppose there to be no God. *Atheism
does, however, seem to be a coherent position, even...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 39 pps
... community is the synthesis of the
two. This last is, in Hegel’s philosophy of history, the final
synthesis, but in other instances, the synthesis of one stage
of the dialectic can serve as the thesis ... the antithesis of being. Being and nothing, how-
ever, are opposites, constantly moving in and apart from
each other; they require to be brought together under the
synthesi...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 42 ppsx
... Hobbes, they do not take free will to mean the lib-
erty of the man [to do] what he has the will, desire, or inclin-
ation to do’. Rather, they take free will to refer to some
power within the person ... in the land, however many
years they or their ancestors have lived there. They are
called aliens and may well be persecuted or deported—as
if to vindicate the claim that...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 50 pps
... has written on topics in the philosophy of mind,
medieval philosophy, ancient philosophy, the philosophy
of Wittgenstein, the philosophy of Descartes, moral
philosophy, and the philosophy of ... he said there was ‘infinitely more Christian
truth’ in the errors of their ways than in the mawkishness,
torpor, and sloth of the establishment’. The trick is to be
rid of...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 67 pps
... flourished in the Roman Empire at the
time, and presents his own philosophy as a strong form of
rationalism in reaction to them.
In the Enneads, he affirms the same themes common to
the general Platonic ... opinion therefore
inclines to the belief that the distinguishing mark of the
organic lies in its high degree of organization rather than
anything physical as such.
T...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 72 ppsx
... back to
the eighteenth, pessimism to the nineteenth century. The
history of the terms themselves reflect the recent growth
of the theories. ‘Optimisme’ came into currency in France
towards the ... are, therefore, more part of the expository
rhetoric of philosophy than of its real substance. But
orderly exposition nevertheless contributes valuably to
making philosophy...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 76 pps
... debated whether
they should seek to guide their political masters according
to their philosophical ideals or whether instead they
should adapt their skills to the political requirements of
the moment. ... the ideal society
that was the intended purpose or aim of political
philosophy.
In the centuries after Plato, the problems of political
philosophy ceased to focus on...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 78 pps
... it may be to
my advantage not to pay you (rather than pay you) whether
or not you do the work, and for you not to do the work
(rather than do it) whether or not I pay you; but it is to the
advantage ... well-
defined terms, and used the principle of *sufficient reason
as a guide to these. Lacking the means of experimental
verification, they tied their theories to the obse...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 80 pps
... state the ontology
of a theory only relative to a translation manual and a
background language. There is no non-relative fact of the
matter what the ontology of a theory is; or indeed what
the ontology ... one object to produce powers in another
which then reach us. For example, a quality in the sun
causes the mercury to rise in a thermometer. A primitive
man may get from t...
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