Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 23 docx

... University of Bern, and Chief of Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirslanden-Salem Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. Max Aebi is Co-Founder and Past Chairman of AO Spine, a member of the European ... 1960 and is a Swiss citizen. He studied at the University of Saarland, Germany, and the University of Basle, Switzerland. He then received an international training as a...

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... 14 Surgery 14 BackPainandSciatica 15 AWrongMixtureofFluids 15 DiscHerniation 17 HistoricalCaseStudy 19 TheFacetSyndrome 21 SpinalStenosis 21 SpinalInfections 22 EgyptianMummiesandSirPercivalPott ... mean difficult choices in the allocation of treatment modalities. Therefore, a basic knowledge of the state of the art of the diagnosis and treatment of spinal di...

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... 22 1 Reproducibility 22 1 Differential Diagnosis of Spinal Pain Syndromes 22 2 Recapitulation 22 2 KeyArticles 22 3 References 22 4 9 Imaging Studies Marius R. Schmid, Jürg Hodler CoreMessages 22 7 ImagingMethods 22 7 StandardRadiographs ... 20 3 Pain 20 4 Function 21 0 SpinalDeformity 21 0 PhysicalExamination 21 1 Walking 21 1 Standing 21 1 Sitting 21 6 LyingSupine 22...

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... “ishion” standing for hip, buttocks, sacrum, loin and also upper limb. Since the time of Hippocrates of Cos (46 0–370 B.C.), this term has relatedtopainsyndromeofthelowerbackandtheupperpartsofthelowerlimbs [57]. The ... (1930). 2 Section History of Spinal Disorders c d Figure 2. (Cont.) c Andreas Vesalius (15 14 15 64) . d Josias Weitbrecht’s (1702 – 1 747 ) Syndesmologia (1 742 ) p...

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... of any major advancement in the treatment of spinal dis- orders. In the Renaissance, the studies of Andreas Vesalius (1514–1 564 ), the father of modern anatomy, led to a better understanding of ... dedicated to the research and treatment of spinal cord injuries ( Fig. 10c). He propagated intensive rehabilitation and sports. He also wrote a profound and epoch-making...

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... the responsibleenzymefortetrahydrobiopterin(BH4)synthesis.BH4isanessential cofactor for catecholamine, serotonin and nitric oxide production and thus a key modulator of peripheral neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Healthy individu- Pathways of Spinal Pain ... integration and nociceptive transfer of noci- 144 Section Basic Science General Concepts of Pain Treatment Pharmac...

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... work-up and initiation of treatment is mandatory. The major goal of the clinical assessment is to differentiate: specific spinal disorders, i.e. with a pathomorphological correlate non-specific spinal ... consider a spinal intervention ✔ The reproducibility of the patient’s history and examination is limited Epidemiology Generally, spinal pain is common, benign, and self...

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... bilat- eral and complex symptoms (impaired upper limb – hand function, gait disorder, bladder and bowl dys- function). Duration of symptoms is important for the definition of etiology and urgency of therapy (e.g. ... (cave: spinal shock). Pathological reflexes indicate central (spinal and supraspinal) lesions. Motor strength is subdivided into six grades (M0–M5), and key mu...

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... intubation degree of mouth opening size of the tongue visibility of the pharynx the state of dentition restriction of neck movement stability of the cervical spine Assessment of cervical stability is mandatory in ... preparation and to take into account those conditions which will add to the risk of anesthesia and surgery. Information and Instructions One aim of the pr...

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... identification of the source of the pain. Neurophysiologic studies and osteo- densitometry are helpful in selected cases. Treatment. Non-operative treatment consists of NSAIDs, physiotherapy, spinal ... a crucial and complex question. The treatment of a degenerative scoliosis has different goals than the treatment of adolescent scoliosis. While in the latter the goal is...

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... sagittal curvature of the spine. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the normal sagittal profile is required for the understanding of this clinical entity. The sagittal profile of the spine in humans ... degrees and 11–58 (mean 34.6) degrees [57]. Accord- ing to Bernhart and Bridwell, the range of lumbar lordosis measured from stand- ing radiographs between the bottom of T12 a...

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... assess flexibility of the deformity. In the immature patient, the skeletal age and the remaining spinal growth are determined from a radiograph of the hand and wrist [24] and the pelvis (Risser ... is the result of marked structural changes in the bones and in the soft tissues of the affected area ( Table 7, Fig. 9a). For optimal correction of the deformity these obstacles...

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... nature of the lesion [7] and is recommended for investigating the suspected lesion in terms of: spinal level extent of suspected lesions vertebral bone marrow infiltration infiltration of the paraspinal ... to recur and survive in a distant organ. The hallmarks represent a concept of carcinogenesis The hallmarks of cancer help us to understand the complexity of such a dis-...

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... and independent of, the histo- logical grade of the primary tumor. Non-operative Treatment The treatment of spine tumors is determined by the: biology location extent of the lesion The wait and ... posterior part of the T7 pedicle (not shown). The soft tissue infiltration suggested a malignant Primary Tumors of the Spine Chapter 33 971 82 Figure 8. Staging of benign...

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... preventive measures 1090, 1115 – procedure-related complications 1115 – pulmonary embolism 1113 – pulmonary risk factors 1092 – spinal cord compromise 1110 – spinal cord injury 1106 – spinal stenosis 1089 – ... 811 neuroenteric cyst 809 neurofibroma 1000, 1011 neurofibromatosis 211, 670, 998 neurofibrome 997 neurogenic – claudication 513, 517, 519, 531 – – differential diagnosis 524...

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