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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 16 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 16 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 16 pps

... sensory-discriminative components and motivational-affective and autonomic responses of pain, and plays a role insensory integration and modulation of afferent inputspostsynaptic pathways of spinal column involved ... Afferents of the spinal cord dorsal horn neuronsform so called spinal tracts that transmit nociceptive informations to the CNS.Pathways of Spinal Pain Chapter 5 131Plasticity or modifiability of ... key feature of its function and integral to the generation of pain and pain hypersensitivity[18].The major synapses responsible for transmission are located in the dorsalhorn of the spinal cord...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 24 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 24 ppsx

... profile (hypo-/hyperkyphosis/lordosis)muscle atrophieslevel of shoulderswaist asymmetries and pelvic rotationlevel of pelvis (in standing and flexed position)rib/lumbar hump (in standing and ... compared to a fitperson of the same age and sex [23, 34]. Handicap canbe seen as a product of an interaction of a person with impairment and disability and the environment [2] and thus resembles ... tiptoes (S1) and heels (L4, L5)difficulty walking along a line (atactic gait)StandingAssessment of :body height and weightInspection for: spinal stigmatasagittal and coronal spinal balancesagittal...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 27 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 27 pps

... diagnostic purposes. Spinal Cord and Cauda Compression Syndromes Spinal cord and caudaequina compressionrepresent an emergencyindication for MR imagingA suspected spinal cord and cauda equina ... acquisition of a large number of segments with thin slice thickness,within the same period of time. Sagittal and coronal multiplanar reformations(MPRs) are more easily obtained and are of better ... discOftenmoreimportantthanthedescriptionoftheshapeoftheintervertebraldiscis its influence and relation to the adjacent nerve roots, which is crucially depen-dent on the width of the spinal...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 30 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 30 pps

... a diagnosis of the affected joint difficult. The evaluation of thediagnostic accuracy of joint injections to diagnose a symptomatic facet joint isdifficult in the absence of a true gold standard.Even ... risk of infection, which appears to bemost relevant in cases of cervical and lumbar discography. The reported rate fordiscitis after lumbar discography is in the order of magnitude of 0.25% [ 130] .Further ... performed. Needle placement and contrast distribution are documentedby standard radiographs. Subsequently, 1.0 ml of a mixture of local anesthetics(Carbostesin or bupivacaine and steroids, e.g. 40...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 31 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 31 pps

... review of the evidence for theuse of zygapophysial injections and radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of lowback pain. Spine J 3 :310 316 A database search of Medline, Embase and the ... diagnostic work-up in timely and com-prehensive fashion, and the identification of potential neurological deficits in the treatment of patients with spinal disorders.Non-traumatic spinal disorders are ... Lenrow DA (2003) A critical review of the evidence for the use of zygapophysial injections and radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of low back pain. Spine J 3 :310 –6107.SlipmanCW, Lipetz JS,...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 32 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 32 ppsx

... anatomical landmarks of the somatotopic orga-nization of the spinal cord are:Figure 1. Somatotopic organization of the spinal cord294 Section Patient AssessmentAlways differentiateradiculopathy and peripheral ... in degenerative and intraumatic spinal disorders. Degenerative disorders, particularly spinal stenosis and disc herniation, most frequently occur in the cervical and lumbar spinal seg-ments ... between 7% and 57% [120]. About 50% of patientswith diabetes and 60% of patients with alcohol addiction suffer from polyneu-ropathy, indicating the importance of an extended differential diagnosis...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 33 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 33 pps

... disturbance of theanterior spinal artery with consecutive affection of the anterior part (bilat-eral) of the cord. Thus, there is loss of motor function and of sensitivity topain and temperature ... This is caused by thedeterioration of only half of the spinal cord and results in ipsilateral propri-oceptive and motor loss and contralateral loss of pain and temperature per-ception (dissociated ... spinal cord and brain disorders to be distinguished.A pitfall in the diagnostic assessment of SCI is exhibited by the syndrome of spinal shock. This initial state of transient depression of spinal...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 35 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 35 ppsx

... independently of patient contribu-tion) [11, 16, 27]describe the extent of spinal cord dysfunction in a superior manner to neu-roimagingimprove diagnosis and prognosis for treatment and rehabilitation ... potential spinal cordcompromiseIn spinal deformity surgery and in tumor surgery of the spine, intraoperativeneuromonitoring of the spinal cord is a recommended procedure to provide ahigh level of ... objective quantification of the conductionvelocity and amount of response. MEP recordings are the method of choice fordemonstrating subclinical affections of the corticospinal motor tracts that...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 36 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 36 pps

... method of choice for objectifying a nerve entrapment and are able toidentify the localization of nerve compression.Myopathy and Myotonic DisordersIn patients with walking difficulties and pain and ... profound knowledge of thesurgical anatomy is the prerequisite to achieving the goals of surgery and helpingto avoid serious complications. Surgery is a three-dimensional process and none of ... sternocleidomastoidmuscleThe superficial branch of the ansa cervicalis (anastomosis of the transverse collinerve and the ramus colli of the facial nerve) is often not identifiable and is there-fore difficult...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 47 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 47 pps

... Discectomy and FusionAnterior cervical discectomy and fusion remains the goldstandard for CSRIn 1955, Robinson and Smith [229] reported on a technique for removal of cervi-cal disc and fusion ... (RCT) for the use of infrared laser for the treatment of acute neckpain and chronic neck pain from four RCTs.Operative Treatment General PrinciplesDegenerative disorders of the cervical spine ... heterogeneous group of pathol-ogies with a wide spectrum of treatment modalities. For the vast majority of clin-ical entities, surgery is only indicated after an adequate trial of non-operativetreatment...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 57 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 57 pps

... objectives of treatment are (Table 3):Table 3. General objectives of treatment pain relief improvement of social activitiesimprovement of health-related quality of life improvement of recreational ... recurrent episodes.Biology of Spinal FusionA basic understanding of the general principles of bone development and bonehealing as well as the biologic requirements for spinal fusion in the lumbar ... surpass the level of safety and clinicalfeasibility and can be established as a cost-effective treatment. Surgical TechniquesFor a long time, spinal fusion has been the treatment of choice when...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 59 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 59 ppsx

... painprovocation and/ or pain relief tests.Understanding the biology of spinal fusion is neces-sary to select the appropriate fusion technique.Blood supply to the spinal fusion area and the prop-erties of ... than clin-ical and morphological findings.Non-operative treatments. The main objectives of treatment are pain relief as well as improvement of quality of life (e.g. activities of daily living, ... Toward a bio-chemical understanding of human intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation. Con-tributions of nitric oxide, interleukins, prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases.Spine...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 60 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 60 ppsx

... Thesigns and symptoms model is based on biomechanical and pathoanatomic signsin which the area and nature of pain, impairments in spinal movement and func-tion, changes in segmental spinal mobility, ... identifiesserious spinal pathology and obstacles for recoveryThe goal of triage for the treatment of LBP is to establish an appropriaterehabilitation plan. The differential diagnosis must first and foremost ... (1990) Intervertebral disc disease and degenerative arthritis of the spine. In:Milgram JW (ed) Radiologic and histologic pathology of nontumorous diseases of bones and joints. Northbrook Publishing...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 63 pps

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 63 pps

... stabilization and movement of the extrem-ityStabilization of the trunkmuscles and strengthening of the lowerextremitymusclesExercise with regard toactivities of daily living (sitto stand) and body ... physician and patient must have anunambiguous understanding of the other’s expec-tations and the role of each of them in the postop-erative recovery. After surgery, an ongoing reas-sessment of the ... muscles and pain-relieving positions and ergonomics is given to the patient.In case of a rehabilitationdeficit, individual treatment and management isprovided after 4 –6 weeks Treatment of a...
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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 68 ppsx

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 68 ppsx

... Thirty-five percent of patients have spinal deformity before the age of 8 years, and 90% do so by the age of 20 years [15]. The incidence increases greatly between the ages of 13 and 15 years, which ... factors:age of onset of NMDambulation statusseverity and rapidity of the progression of the weaknessThis is particularly true for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Close to90% of them ... overview of these disorders with their clinical presentations, their incidence and theirfunctional impact is given inTable 1.Disease Specific Spinal DeformityAs part of a review of 547 individuals...
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