Erosion control in the tropics - Part 1 doc

... environment 15 3 The erosion process 17 3 .1 Splash -erosion and stream -erosion 17 3.2 Splash -erosion and soil condition 19 3.3 Stream erosion and the soil 21 3.4 An example on how to show the erosion ... erosion control in the tropics and sub -tropics 87 Appendix 3: Legumes; characteristics and utilization 90 Further reading 92 Glossary 94 E...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... clear that when observing the erosion phenom- ena, the important thing is always to trace the causes of it. In the fol- lowing chapters we will go more deeply into the erosion process, which ... In road building too, steep side slopes often collapse in heavy rainfall. Erosion control in the tropics 16 it becomes too time-consuming or too expensive to use...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... Erosion control in the tropics 28 Removing this soil from the drainage system or the paths adds to the workload of the farmer. ? The reverse applies of course to the field where the soil ... labour and the farmer is obliged to sow up a smaller area for in- stance. ? When thin layers of soil are continually washed away from the field by erosion, the bigg...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... again. Burning is an integral part of cattle farming in the tropics and improvements in the technique must be found. The timing and the method of burning seem to determine whether it is damaging ... drinking places and in doing so they trample down the soil. During rain showers water collects in the trampled tracks (the rain does not necessarily affect the str...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... and vitamins 58 Pig keeping in the tropics 16 2.3 Small-scale intensive pig keeping Figure 3: Small-scale intensive pig keeping (after Holnes, 19 91) . Main characteristics The main characteristics ... 'scavenging' pig keeping 9 2.2 Semi-intensive pig keeping 12 2.3 Small-scale intensive pig keeping 16 3 Housing 19 3 .1 Climate 19 3.2 Technical requirement...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 19:20

... of erosion is likely to occur. 3 .1 Splash -erosion and stream -erosion Within water -erosion there are two types of erosion: splash erosion and stream erosion. Certainly, they do occur at the ... Erosion control in the tropics 20 Organic matter content of the soil Organic matter probably is the most important factor in binding the soil particles. The b...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... and at retaining the rain water. ? Minimum tillage, mulching and the use of a cover crops serve to protect the soil against the force of the rainfall, at the same time maintaining the soil fertility ... grassland influence arable farm- ing. Think of the cattle pastures where manure will again benefit the soil. The felling of trees and the planting of trees also stron...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... drain The main drainage serves as the main channel where all the water is collected. ? One main drain at the bottom of the catchment area: all the col- lected water ends up in the main drain ... Strengthening of a gully Checkpoints for making dams When laying out these check dams, the following points should be taken into account: ? The principle is to shorten the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... yourself why erosion occurs in a certain area. Not only will the deeper causes of erosion be found in the socio-economic backgrounds, but the incentive will be found which motivates the farmer ... Underlying causes of erosion 73 8 Underlying causes of erosion In the previous chapters we have seen how the chance of erosion can be lessened by taking certain prec...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... underestimated. Erosion control in the tropics 76 9.2 Awareness Only if people appreciate the usefulness of the operations to be carried out, will they be inclined to take them up themselves. They should ... concerned or the well-intentioned development worker ei- ther. Sometimes the causes can only be tackled by political influence among the people themselves, a p...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20