Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 4 docx
Pig keeping in the tropics - part 1 docx
... and vitamins 58
Pig keeping in the tropics 16
2.3 Small-scale intensive pig keeping
Figure 3: Small-scale intensive pig keeping (after Holnes, 19 91) .
Main characteristics
The main characteristics ... indications are given of the treatment
possible.
Agrodok 1
Pig keeping in the tropics
Dick Muys
Geert Westenbrink
Pig keeping in the...
Pig keeping in the tropics - part 4 docx
...
? Taking the sow away from the piglets during weaning, rather than
removing the piglets.
? Putting the sow in a pen next to the boar after weaning.
? Bringing her into contact with the boar ... heat within 14 days of weaning,
there are various possible causes:
? The suckling period has been too long - the shorter the period, the
quicker she will come on heat...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 1 potx
...
4.2 Outline of cloning methods 37
4.3 Concluding remarks 40
5 Training: pruning and bending 41
5 .1 Definition; the limited role of pruning in tropical fruits 41
5.2 Cutting increasingly large ... in the final
stages.
Wageningen, August 2006
Ed Verheij
Fruit growing in the tropics
4
Contents
1 Introduction 6
1. 1 No flowers, no fruit 6
1. 2 Importanc...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 2 ppsx
... 1930 to 1970 the average
number of trees per ha increased from 100 to 2, 500 (the spacing de-
creased from 10m x 10m to 3 .20 m x 1 .25 m). In these 40 years the
mean yield in the country increased ... mango tree being replaced by 3 or 5 more fruitful small mango
trees of different varieties! (But these trees may be too small to sit in
Fruit growing in the tropic...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 3 docx
... flowering and fruiting are sacrificed for the
Fruit growing in the tropics
32
Now compare the crop cycles in the subtropics and tropics.
? In the subtropics release from stress results in ... growing point, as in cocoa and often
in citrus shoots. More often the growing point forms a resting terminal
bud, covered in bud scales, as in mango. In...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 4 docx
... stock
Side grafting – mature, woody stock
Grafting
On mother tree in the field Inarching – durian, lansat, jackfruit
Approach grafting – mango
Fruit growing in the tropics
36
have ...
Fruit growing in the tropics
40
4. 3 Concluding remarks
Most fruit crops can be cloned in different ways. Budding and grafting
are only used where cuttings or laye...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 5 docx
... point of attachment of the shoot, leaving
only a stub;
? Cutting out or thinning: removing the entire shoot by a cut at the
point of attachment.
Training: pruning and bending
41
5 Training: ... that com-
pete with the leading
shoot.
Training: pruning and bending
45
Stubbing
Stubbing is making a drastic cut,
leaving only a stub of the shoot or
limb. The general...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 6 pdf
... spiralling
around the trunk (right)
Fruit growing in the tropics
50
Growth retardants
Growth retardants are chemicals that inhibit growth-promoting hor-
mones in the plant. They offer a direct ... the
risk (some of) the major limbs may be girdled instead of the trunk.
Fruit growing in the tropics
52
Making sketches as in figure 15 for your own...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 7 docx
... apples, passionfruits and
salak.
The Appendix gives brief information about the way in which pollina-
tion is effected in the listed fruit crops.
Fruit growing in the tropics
56
In banana ... of the fruit crops in this Agrodok is presented in
the Appendix. Flowering habits are rather varied. There are, for in-
stance, papaya cultivars in which all...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 8 pptx
... Fruit growing in the tropics
60
8. 1 Limiting use of pesticides
It is now realised that the use of pesticides should be drastically re-
duced by:
? Abandoning routine treatments
? Replacing ... the end of the dry season, so that
there are few sources of infection at the beginning of the rains.
Mango hoppers suck the young shoots and especially inflorescences;
t...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 9 potx
... at-
tached to the top to hold the fruit.
Fruit growing in the tropics
68
9. 3 Handling and marketing
In commercial fruit production, growing the fruit is the lesser half of
the job. The ... separation of the spines;
the odour of the fruit; the sound heard when the fingertips are run through the
furrows between the spines; and changes in...
Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 10 pot
... of the pistil which contains
the ovules and grows into the fruit
ovules the immature seeds in the ovary before fertili-
zation
parthenocarpy the production of fruit without true fertiliza-
tion ... Further reading
79
Verheij, E.W.M. & H. Lövenstein, 2004: A nurseryman and his
trees. AgroSpecial 1, AGROMISA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 43
p. ISBN 9 0-7 707 3-8...
Goat keeping in the tropics - Part 4 pdf
... or homemade mineral prepara-
tions.
Goat keeping in the tropics
46
? Taking out silage for feeding
As soon as the pit is opened the air can get in. Inevitably the heap in
the pit will ... years in a well covered un-
derground pit.
Goat keeping in the tropics
44
suitable method than hay-making for wet areas where drying is diffi-
cult.
Silage maki...
Goat keeping in the tropics - Part 5 docx
... permanent stalling of
goats. In partial stalling, the goats are kept penned only at night or
during part of the day; the rest of the time they wander freely, foraging
about.
In you keep them permanently ... grass. You must also move them often so that they can find new
pasture.
Goat keeping in the tropics
56
Feeding and drinking facilities
In each housing s...
Erosion control in the tropics - Part 4 docx
...
Erosion control in the tropics 28
Removing this soil from the drainage system or the paths adds to
the workload of the farmer.
? The reverse applies of course to the field where the soil ...
labour and the farmer is obliged to sow up a smaller area for in-
stance.
? When thin layers of soil are continually washed away from the field
by erosion, the bigg...
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