Fruit growing in the tropics - Part 2 ppsx

... easily swept clean. The pigs can be ringed to stop them rooting in the soil. In Europe special pig rings (small pieces of iron) are sold, which are pinched into the upper part of the nose (snout) ... factor in the conversion to commercial pig keeping. There are numerous advantages to keeping pigs inside: ? The animals spend their energy putting on body weight r...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 19:20

... 4.2 Outline of cloning methods 37 4.3 Concluding remarks 40 5 Training: pruning and bending 41 5 .1 Definition; the limited role of pruning in tropical fruits 41 5.2 Cutting increasingly large ... in the final stages. Wageningen, August 2006 Ed Verheij Fruit growing in the tropics 4 Contents 1 Introduction 6 1. 1 No flowers, no fruit 6 1. 2 Importanc...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... 1930 to 1970 the average number of trees per ha increased from 100 to 2, 500 (the spacing de- creased from 10m x 10m to 3 .20 m x 1 .25 m). In these 40 years the mean yield in the country increased ... mango tree being replaced by 3 or 5 more fruitful small mango trees of different varieties! (But these trees may be too small to sit in Fruit growing in the tropic...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... flowering and fruiting are sacrificed for the Fruit growing in the tropics 32 Now compare the crop cycles in the subtropics and tropics. ? In the subtropics release from stress results in ... growing point, as in cocoa and often in citrus shoots. More often the growing point forms a resting terminal bud, covered in bud scales, as in mango. In...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... stock Side grafting – mature, woody stock Grafting On mother tree in the field Inarching – durian, lansat, jackfruit Approach grafting – mango Fruit growing in the tropics 36 have ... Fruit growing in the tropics 40 4. 3 Concluding remarks Most fruit crops can be cloned in different ways. Budding and grafting are only used where cuttings or laye...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... point of attachment of the shoot, leaving only a stub; ? Cutting out or thinning: removing the entire shoot by a cut at the point of attachment. Training: pruning and bending 41 5 Training: ... that com- pete with the leading shoot. Training: pruning and bending 45 Stubbing Stubbing is making a drastic cut, leaving only a stub of the shoot or limb. The general...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... spiralling around the trunk (right) Fruit growing in the tropics 50 Growth retardants Growth retardants are chemicals that inhibit growth-promoting hor- mones in the plant. They offer a direct ... the risk (some of) the major limbs may be girdled instead of the trunk. Fruit growing in the tropics 52 Making sketches as in figure 15 for your own...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... apples, passionfruits and salak. The Appendix gives brief information about the way in which pollina- tion is effected in the listed fruit crops. Fruit growing in the tropics 56 In banana ... of the fruit crops in this Agrodok is presented in the Appendix. Flowering habits are rather varied. There are, for in- stance, papaya cultivars in which all...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... Fruit growing in the tropics 60 8. 1 Limiting use of pesticides It is now realised that the use of pesticides should be drastically re- duced by: ? Abandoning routine treatments ? Replacing ... the end of the dry season, so that there are few sources of infection at the beginning of the rains. Mango hoppers suck the young shoots and especially inflorescences; t...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... at- tached to the top to hold the fruit. Fruit growing in the tropics 68 9. 3 Handling and marketing In commercial fruit production, growing the fruit is the lesser half of the job. The ... separation of the spines; the odour of the fruit; the sound heard when the fingertips are run through the furrows between the spines; and changes in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... of the pistil which contains the ovules and grows into the fruit ovules the immature seeds in the ovary before fertili- zation parthenocarpy the production of fruit without true fertiliza- tion ... Further reading 79 Verheij, E.W.M. & H. Lövenstein, 2004: A nurseryman and his trees. AgroSpecial 1, AGROMISA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 43 p. ISBN 9 0-7 707 3-8...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... the sec- tion below on difficult births (2. 8). Goat keeping in the tropics 12 ? Permanently separating billy-goats and goats In this system, you bring the goat to the billy only at the moment ... animal. Goat breeding 17 Figure 4: Positions of kids in the womb Goat keeping in the tropics 8 2 Goat breeding For the breeding of go...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... mother: this is the so-called weaning. The young are then no longer allowed to stay with the goat so that they can no longer drink from their mother. Clean drinking water must be available in ... produc- tion, you can leave them a little longer with the mother goat. Do re- member to wean the young goats at least two months before the next gestation period of the mother....

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... choice according to the characteristics of your own garden. It is not necessary to apply every technique in each garden. The vegetable garden in the tropics 16 Figure 2: Some garden tools ... dividing a bed of 10m 2 into several parts, give each part a dif- The vegetable garden in the tropics 14 ferent type of manuring (e.g. manure, compost, str...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... clear that when observing the erosion phenom- ena, the important thing is always to trace the causes of it. In the fol- lowing chapters we will go more deeply into the erosion process, which ... characteristics of erosion in the daily work. For this, it is important to know how to recognize erosion in the field. Always keep the course of the erosion proce...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20