Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - A doc

... helplessness.[6]CONCLUSIONFoundations of success in environmental aspects of animal care are the fundamental principles of animal Adaptation and Stress: Animal State of Being 3Adaptation and Stress: Animal State of BeingStanley ... that the vast majority of the public affirmsthat animals have rights, as do many husbandry agri-culturalists. A Gallup poll published in May of 2003 Animal Agriculture and Social Ethics for Animals ... responseto a threatening stimulus. The adaptive changes initiatedby stressors involve activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The hypothalamus and the Encyclopedia of Animal Science...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - R docx

... undertakento develop a set of minimal animal welfare standards. Aspart of that process, a kosher/halal standard and auditrequirements have been developed, based on the Amer-ican Meat Institute’s ... production.[5]Ionophores are antimicrobials (but not antibiotics) thatinhibit Gram-positive bacteria. Because the rumen ispopulated by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria,the Gram-negative bacteria gain a ... of the rhea as a commercial farm animal in South America, a variety of compound pelleted diets, consisting mainly of alfalfa andcorn meal, are fed.[5]NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSThe inaccuracy of...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - W doc

... VS. ANIMAL WELFARE/WELL-BEINGThe public and the media often confuse animal rights and animal welfare/well-being. Animals have limited legalrights and few widely agreed-upon moral rights. Animalshave ... IndicatorsJ. C. SwansonM. RassetteKansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, U.S .A. INTRODUCTION Animal well-being can be characterized as the harmony an animal is experiencing mentally and ... intermacrofi-brillar matrix material, in a hexagonal array. Macrofibrilsare composed of bundles of 500 to 800 microfibrils.Microfibrils, or intermediate filaments, are composed of alpha-helical...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - B pdf

... phases of an animal s life cycle. Forexample, 1) meat packers can act as integrators, acquiringand maintaining ownership of an animal from the cow-calf operation until the consumer purchases ... have beenincorporated into sequences of behaviors that on thewhole are adaptive.TYPES OF ABERRANT BEHAVIORSSelf-Directed Aberrant BehaviorsThese are directed at the animal or at inanimate ... this area will help us morefully understand the range of behavioral and physiolo-gical adaptations animals can make. The topics presentedin this article are primarily ethological (behavioral)...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - C pps

... major producingstates of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missis-sippi.[6]Mississippi leads all states with 106,000 acres,followed by Arkansas (33,500 acres), Alabama (26,000acres), and ... 5000 m for llamas and3500 5000 m for alpacas in Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador,and Argentina. Additionally, Columbia has a few llamas.The total population of llamas and alpacas is about 3.8million, ... broadfootpad and a lighter hairy coat, and are adapted toextreme temperatures and scarce food supplies. SouthAmerican camelids are small and cloven-hoofed, and have a dense and fine wool coat, enabling...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - D pps

... disease and metabolic conditions may affect30% to 60% of animals calving on an annual basis.Animals may be affected by more than one problem, andan animal may experience repeated bouts of the sameproblem ... However, al-though free stalls can offer several advantages relative totie stalls in terms of cow state of being, each free-stalldesign and each farm is unique, and animal state of beingmay be ... species, and the psychological capabilities of domestic animals, ethical issues gain a higher profile.Abandoning a relationship that has been thousands of years in the making and that has been a major...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - E pps

... matched, animal productivity can decreaseand animal health can suffer. The effects on productivityand health are largely due to animals entering a state of distress. Stress can occur when an ... productivity can be a measure of a mismatch between an animal and its environment, a lack of impaired productivity does not mean that the animal sneeds are being satisfied.Not accommodating livestock ... an animal is stressed, a cascade of events, starting in thehypothalamus and culminating at the cortex of the adrenalgland, causes the release of glucocorticoids, which arethen able to increase...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - F ppt

... toany attempt to understand the welfare of animals.Application to Farm AnimalsThe externality model applies to the welfare of farmanimals. Historically, farm animals have been held aschattel ... thought of as part of the art of husbandry, thewelfare of farm animals has become a critical area of livestock production and animal science. The notion of welfare is derived from economics and ... of one AA for the same quantity of another. Anydeparture from a desirable pattern of AA can result in,among other things, a reduced efficiency of AA utili-zation and a concomitant increase in...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - G ppsx

... than lambcarcasses. At a constant age, Angora carcasses are lighterand have smaller longissimus muscle areas compared toBoerÂSpanish carcasses.[2]Furthermore, Angora car-casses have a lower ... associated with animal waste.[3]As a result, potential for fecal adultera-tion of meats and the possible contamination of water andfood supplies from land application of animal waste areburdening ... theMiddle East are used for milk production. The Jamnaparior Etawah goat in India and Southeast Asia is used forboth meat and milk production, as are the Nubian Sahel, inarid sub-Saharan Africa, and...

Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - H ppsx

... in a box stall andis fed a minimal amount of hay and maximal amount of grain. He is turned out (usually alone) into a paddock(usually grassless) for a variable period of time and ridden(usually ... bands in a given geographic area are called a herd. Bands are rarelylarger than 10 adult animals. The band is always together(always within visual contact), and each horse is rarelymore than 10 ... barrows. Castrated males, the primary meat animal of many species, differ hormonally from intact males inmany aspects.FETAL ENDOCRINOLOGYMost of the hormones produced in postnatal animals areproduced...

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