The grammar of the english verb phrase part 105 ppt

... make the situation durative.) One after the other, the ramblers reached the top of the hill. (The idea of repetition is induced by the plurality of the subject NP and the duration-implying phrase ... ashes.] The fact that the transition cannot form part of the ‘middle part of the situa- tion referred to by the progressive form is due to the fact tha...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... a telic VP, but since the progressive form only refers to a portion of the middle part of the actualizing situation, the sentence does not represent the actualization of the situation as bounded, ... for us, the VP will be that part of the predicate constituent that does not contain optional adverbials (the predicate constituent of a clause being every- thing bu...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... Apart from the fact that they do not involve a particular inflectional tense morpheme, the present perfect and the future tense are often excluded from the English tense system on the basis of ... relation they express is or is not that of anteriority. The same is true of the other nonfinite forms, viz. infinitives and gerunds. (In other words, verb forms are only tens...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... some middle part of the Adv-time. (b) coincidence: the contained orientation time coincides with the Adv-time. In other words, the boundaries of the Adv-time coincide with the bound- aries of the contained ... Thursday.” (The adverbial specifies the time as well as the duration of the predicated situation. Be- cause the adverbial gives the information that i...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... Paris.]” (The situation time is that part of the time of the speaker’s being in Rennes that coincides with t 0 . The adverbial until six indicates the duration of the remaining part Ϫ the part following ... hours’.) 2.31.2 There are a couple of cases in which the situation time coincides with the time of the full situation. In these cases a pure duration adv...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... homogeneous), the pres- ent tense does not say anything about the length of the (actualization of the) full situation in the real world. It can therefore be used irrespective of whether the full situation ... formulaic usage may use the present tense to refer to the reproduction rather than to the original 176 3. The absolute use of the present tense II. The pr...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... received, the source of the news (e. g. the telling or the hearing) can be referred to with the help of a verb in the nonprogressive present tense: I hear you’re going to buy a new car. 3.12.6 The ... time is punctual is due to the fact that the durative (actualizations of the) situations (of being in the process of a making a wheelchair or of being in the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... concern the relation between the time of the ‘full situation’ (see 2.16.1) and t 0 . Such a temporal W-interpretation de- pends in part on the semantics of the tense (i. e. on the location of the ... and the time of the predicated situation (ϭ situation time). In these examples there is nothing triggering the marked interpretation that the situation time is onl...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... reading) In these examples, the length of the pre-present period is to be inferred from the pragmatics of the context. In the following, it is indicated by the bifunc- tional adverbial for the last ... 276 5. The absolute use of the present perfect on the irritation of being kept waiting, of standing around doing nothing (or rather on the minimal amount of su...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... must walk locates the poten- tial (actualization of the) situation of walking in the future.) There is no problem using be going to in the head clause of a conditional sentence if the conditional ... become a name in the academic world. 7.13 Constraints on the use of be going to The use of be going to presupposes that all the necessary conditions for the future ac...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... interpretation of the W-simultaneity is that of inclusion: the situation of Jim being in London temporally included the situation of my seeing him there. 8.5 The two ‘time-spheres’ In English, the use of ... sleeping for seven hours now only asserts the factual (part of the) full situation, and the duration adverbial indicates the length of this factual part...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... photo of a man in uniform. Raising the lid of the well, she pointed to the green water. The locomotive jumped the rails, narrowly missing a couple of trees near the railway. In these examples, the ... 497 the fact that the two situations do not really overlap but concentrates on the fact that they follow each other closely and that there is some logical relation betw...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... T-anterior to the situation time of the matrix clause. There is therefore no expression of the T-relation between the situation times of the two subclauses. This means that only the that-clause ... domain, there are sometimes two possibilities as to the choice of binding time. Compare the following, in which the past perfect forms in the head clauses are the past...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... he presents the contents of the two clauses as forming a unit. The use of the Pseudo-t 0 -System, which implies that the situation time of the head clause and the situation time of the subclause ... the tense form of the subclause locates the situation time of the subclause in the temporal domain created by the Absolute Future System form in the head...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... orientation-time adverbial: the contained orientation time is not the situation time of the head clause but another orientation time to which the situation time of the head clause is T-anterior. Because the ... adverbial when the Adv-time which it establishes specifies (‘contains’) an orientation time (from the tense structure of the head clause) other than the situa...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20