Báo cáo hóa học: " A Theoretical Framework for Soft-Information-Based Synchronization in Iterative (Turbo) Receivers" ppt

... synchronization, that is to say, the use of soft data information to estimate parameters like carrier phase, frequency, or timing offsets of a modulated signal within an iterative data demodulator. In ... through an iterative proce- dure looks like the acquisition/tracking approach. In our context, the issue of the initial acquisition may be solved in general by making a data-ai...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... 2011:65 http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/65 Page 7 of 7 RESEARC H Open Access Approximating fixed points for nonself mappings in CAT(0) spaces Abdolrahman Razani and Saeed Shabani * * Correspondence: s. shabani@srbiau.ac.ir Department ... this article as: Razani and Shabani: Approximating fixed points for nonself mappings in CAT(0) spaces. Fixed Point Theo...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Complete accuracy (CA) indicates the fraction of sentences that have a complete cor- rect analysis. We also measure that root accuracy (RA) and leaf accuracy (LA), as in (Yamada and Matsumoto, ... using a shift-reduce parsing approach (Aho et al., 1986). This is a true pipeline approach, as was done in other suc- cessful parsers, e.g. (Ratnaparkhi, 1997), in that the classifiers ar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... same family of metrics explain best the variations obtained with human evaluations, according to the application being evaluated (Machine Translation, Automatic Summarization, and Automatic ... 2.1 An Application Axis for Evaluation When trying to define what translating and summarizing means, one can arguably suggest that a translation is some “as-faithful-as-possible” rendering...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... work has proved adequate for a collection of human-human task-oriented dialogs, both in a full manual examination of the corpus, and in tests with a parser capable of parsing some of that corpus. ... states that repairs are available for semantic analysis but provides no details on the representation to be used. Clearly repairs should be available for se- mantic analysi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... representation language from the applica- tion program and systematically translating it into a natural language using syntactic/semantic rules which were primarily designed for translating in the ... representation has a realisation as a natural language text at all. If we look again at the knowledge available to our "average NL system", we see that it will in- clu...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. In particular, there is a need for a general framework for linguistic annotation that is ... It also enables generating a single instantiation of an annotation value in a separate document that can be referenced as needed. • xlink : points to the data to which th...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... 4 Information Structure and Tactical Constraints Entries in the eategorial lexicon have tactical con- straints, grammatical and semantic features, and phonological representation. Similar ... of a nominal bound mor- pheme Fi. As indicated by Turkish data in sections 1 and 2, Fi may in fact have a domain larger than but com- patible with Di. In order to perform morphologi...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... diagrams an overview of the procedure for translating speaker's meaning. In contrast to a conventional machine translation procedure, speaker's meaning can be analyzed and generated, ... information absent in surface utterances such as zero anaphora are compensated for and in some cases multiple analyses are disambiguated. (3-3), the surface analysis of (3-2), is...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... after year 2007, and human evaluation data is not freely available from MetricsMATR. In this dataset, translation outputs are available for fourteen tasks involving five European lan- guages: ... Lin and Franz Josef Och. 2004. Orange: a method for evaluating automatic evaluation metrics for machine translation. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20