A Behavioral Perspective on Innovation and Change 3 potx

... major changes, making organizations structurally inert (Hannan and Freeman 1977, 1984). Among these, intra-organiza tional politics and inter-organizational constraints are especially important (Barnett ... that decision makers use an aspiration level to evaluate organizational performance along an organizational goal dimension. An aspiration level has been defined as “the level of future...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... and adaptation Is it helpful or harmful for organizations that managers use performance feedback and aspiration levels to manage change? As noted earlier, his- torical and social aspiration levels ... performance relative to the aspiration level affects organizational search, risk taking, and change. This broad impact makes performance a “master switch” that controls a range of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... alternatives. While innovation launches require a problem and manager ial risk tol- erance, innovation generation results from organizational search only. As discussed in chapter 3, organizations search habitually ... so changes in the rate of launching innovations over time can be investigated, and measures of organizational slack and search effort are also available over time....

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... and innovations, which also are v ery risky, the relation wa s horizontal be- low the aspiration level and sharply declining above it. As suggested in chapter 3, considerations of organizational ... performance feedback affects a variety of consequential organizational behaviors. Risk taking, research and development, innovations, and asset investment are all behaviors that can be...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Osborne, Stubbart, and Ramaprasad 2001; Reger and Huff 19 93) and selective response to competitive attacks based on the similarity of the attacking organization and the focal organization (Chen and Hambrick ... goal variable viewed as important by all radio station managers and sufficiently public that data are easy to compare across time and stations for the managers and ea...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... 1995: 33 ). As an example of an institution, consider personnel management, which is a meaningful category of organizational behavior, a concrete organizational structure, and a set of rules and ... changes have both organizational and financial risk, there are clearly situations in which the status quo has greater financial risks than strategic change. In addition to deregulatio...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... School. Levinthal, Daniel A. and James G. March. 1981. A model of adaptive organiza- tional search.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2: 30 7 33 3. 19 93. “The myopia of learning.” Strategic Management ... reinforcement and escalation processes in sequential decision making: a replication and theoretical analysis.” Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 14(2...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Commercial Research team and specialises in prime global oce markets ILLUSTRATIONS BY ADAM SIMPSON Adam has contributed to major exhibitions in London, New York, Bologna and Japan. Included ... by its perceived status as a safe haven and taking advantage of the relative weakness of sterling. Many international buyers have English as their second language and feel confident...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... related innovations, notably organizational changes and product innovations. These three complementary innovations – 1) increased use of IT, 2) changes in organization practices, and 3) changes ... several years between 1984 and 1992. Greenan (20 03) also uses a survey conducted among French manufacturing firms in 19 93 to test the correlations among technical change, organizat...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22