How sustainable are our economies 12 ppt

... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few mineral resources ... (water and forests) appears to be sustainable at the national level. Some exhaustible resources, notably coal, are subsidized to the extent that they do not show a positive economic va...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... increasing resource productivity: How to measure the total material consumption of regional or national economies? Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2, 437–442. Bringezu, S. (2002). Towards sustainable ... (WCED) (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. World Resources Institute (WRI) (1992). World resources 1992–93. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wo...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... Earth (http://www.foe.co.uk/pdf /sustainable_ development/ tworld/summary.pdf), and the Fair Share Initiative (http://www.fairshareinterna- tional.org/) advocate a fair share of this space for countries ... I.1. ● Compare the main schools of eco–nomics. What are their sustainability notions? Why and how do environmental and ecological economists differ in dealing with environmental imp...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... in emissions and distance to 2008–2 012 Kyoto target K Nature and biodiversity – protecting a unique resource Forest resources Annual tree fellings J Land resources Land take and fragmentation ... in the above-mentioned examples show progress or regress in the particular areas they represent. They do not show the relative significance of any specific area or target. The reason is incompar...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... increasingly on foreign resources (op. cit.). Globalization, together with domestic resource depletion, are significant factors in this outsourcing of natural resource supply (Section 14.1). 6.3.3 ... 49,051 208 112, 833 Notes: a Total material supply = direct material input (DMI). b Consumption of non-produced natural resources by households. Source: Stahmer et al. (1998, table 12, mo...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... and other resource taxes as a significant source of governmental property income (shown in the primary income distribution accounts) ● The acquisition of tradable emission and resource use permits ... Pearce (1994); USA: Landefeld and Howell (1998). Notes: a EDP 1 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion only. b EDP 2 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion and environmen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... b Oil and gas depletion only. c Subsoil resources only. Source: Table 8.1. 10.1 Welfare Secured? Dematerialized? Capital Maintained? 187 Figure 10.3 compares the inverted (total) pollution coefficients ... Welfare (MEW), the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) or the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) supposedly indicate past and, by extrapolation, future trends of economic welf...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... two- commodity economy as xaxax Kc xaxax Kc c Kbx 111 1122 11 22 1122 2 22 111 ≥++∆+ ≥++∆+ ≥++ ≥ xAx KD 1 1122 22 1122 2 121 2 bx Kbxbx KKxx0 +≡≥ ≥+ ∆∆ ≥ ≥ KBx Kx,,, ,D 0 (12. 8) Having introduced a new primary factor, ... non-declining welfare generation. In fact, if the welfare package is broad enough, non-decline of welfare can also be viewed as sustainable development (Mäler, 1991)....

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... in emissions and distance to 2008–2 012 Kyoto target K Nature and biodiversity – protecting a unique resource Forest resources Annual tree fellings J Land resources Land take and fragmentation ... capacity are the drawbacks of overlay mapping. Plate 5.1 Overlay mapping: global warming and precipitation effects Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2005), Vital Climate Change Graphics. (See Colour Pl...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... environmental sinks and (re)sources are sometimes considered to be public goods (in the public domain): in general, however, only produced (usually by the government) such goods are deemed to be public. ... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20