How sustainable are our economies 11 doc

... Earth (http://www.foe.co.uk/pdf /sustainable_ development/ tworld/summary.pdf), and the Fair Share Initiative (http://www.fairshareinterna- tional.org/) advocate a fair share of this space for countries ... I.1. ● Compare the main schools of eco–nomics. What are their sustainability notions? Why and how do environmental and ecological economists differ in dealing with environmental imp...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... and other resource taxes as a significant source of governmental property income (shown in the primary income distribution accounts) ● The acquisition of tradable emission and resource use permits ... Pearce (1994); USA: Landefeld and Howell (1998). Notes: a EDP 1 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion only. b EDP 2 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion and environmen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... dynamics of the two- commodity economy as xaxax Kc xaxax Kc c Kbx 111 1122 11 2 2112 22 22 111 ≥++∆+ ≥++∆+ ≥++ ≥ xAx KD 111 22 2 2112 22 1212 bx Kbxbx KKxx0 +≡≥ ≥+ ∆∆ ≥ ≥ KBx Kx,,, ,D 0 (12.8) Having ... non-declining welfare generation. In fact, if the welfare package is broad enough, non-decline of welfare can also be viewed as sustainable development (Mäler, 1991). Note however th...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... in the above-mentioned examples show progress or regress in the particular areas they represent. They do not show the relative significance of any specific area or target. The reason is incomparability ... capacity are the drawbacks of overlay mapping. Plate 5.1 Overlay mapping: global warming and precipitation effects Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2005), Vital Climate Change Graphics. (See...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... increasingly on foreign resources (op. cit.). Globalization, together with domestic resource depletion, are significant factors in this outsourcing of natural resource supply (Section 14.1). 6.3.3 ... rucksack of intra-EU extraction of abiotic resources exceeds the used-in-production part of these resources by 11% . ● Biotic agricultural resources are associated with an ecological ru...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... b Oil and gas depletion only. c Subsoil resources only. Source: Table 8.1. 10.1 Welfare Secured? Dematerialized? Capital Maintained? 187 Figure 10.3 compares the inverted (total) pollution coefficients ... Welfare (MEW), the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) or the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) supposedly indicate past and, by extrapolation, future trends of economic welf...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few mineral resources ... (water and forests) appears to be sustainable at the national level. Some exhaustible resources, notably coal, are subsidized to the extent that they do not show a positive economic va...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... 163–164 Emergy 110 accounting 108, 110 , 112 dollars (em$) 113 , 123 indices 111 Energy accounting 106, 113 see also Emergy, accounting and Exergy, accounting balance 107, 110 dogma 106–107, 108, 112 solar ... 249 material flow balance 117 118 strategy on sustainable use of natural resources 116 , 186, 237–238 sustainable growth and development 49, 78 Exergy 108, 123 ac...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... concept for attaining sustainable eco- nomic performance and growth? ● How realistic is consistency for avoiding environmental impacts? ● Should we change our life(style) to attain sustainable development? ... of natural resources by TNCs (tragedy of the commons) - Natural resource saving (from least-cost sources) - Spread of wasteful consumption patterns - Rebound effects from re...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... environmental sinks and (re)sources are sometimes considered to be public goods (in the public domain): in general, however, only produced (usually by the government) such goods are deemed to be public. ... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20