Advances in optical and photonic devices Part 14 potx

... sensing in optical tweezers Optical tweezer systems (Ashkin, 1970) have been used extensively for obtaining quantitative biophysical measurements. In particular, particle sensing using optical ... force dominates over the scattering force, resulting in particle trapping. To obtain a physical understanding of the trapping forces involved, consider the case with a spherical part...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... combination of chipping, milling and grinding. It aims to reduce the particle size of the biomass to attain a larger surface area for enzyme access. The desired final particle size determines ... chipping is used when 10- 30mm particle size is required whilst milling and grinding are for more fine particles (0.2- 2mm) (Alvira et al., 2010). The higher energy cost of mechanical comminut...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 21:20

... on the surrounding tissues could be minimized, and the biological tissue remains unaffected by the subsequent photoinduced mechanical shock process. This Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics ... Winter, C.; Birngruber, R.; Laqua, H.; and Vogel, A. (2006) A Photoablation of inner limiting membrane and inner retinal layers using the Erbium: YAG-laser: An in vitro study, Lase...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... threshold intensity, g B is the SBS gain, and l is the interaction length) is maintained, the self-focusing leads to an increase in the intensity of the pump beam in the focal region and, hence, ... longitudinal mode brings the intensity spikes to rise, and the intensity spikes have enough power to induce nonlinear effects, such as self-focusing and the optical breakdown. The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... for increasing the sampling bandwidth and resolve signals up to 640 Gb/s and beyond. In the optical sampling techniques system, the optical signal is sampled in the optical domain by an optical ... 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy 1. Introduction The need of direct measure and monitoring of ultra-fast signal in the time domain is rapidly increasing, being of interest in a lar...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... with S and R. Solid line in the grating indicates the expected grating. d is the sample thickness. Actual grating formed by S and R was deviated from the expected grating shown by dashed line ... for grating formed with M U -TEOS having urethane linkage in spacer group. In addition, gratings formed with M H - TEOS having hydroxylpropylene group in the spacer showed the shortest...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... side-group, phthalocyanines and bisphthalocyanines are promising for manufacturing optical devices, such as optical- limiting devices. The basic principle of optical- limiting devices is the reverse ... nm and b) excitation 827 nm Nonlinear Optical Absorption of Organic Molecules for Applications in Optical Devices 41 To understand the changes in the nonlinear ef...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... pattern, and a moving modulation of the carrier density in the active medium is caused, thus both a moving gain and a moving phase gratings are created. The nonlinear interaction in the gain medium ... density grating, the refractive index grating and the gain grating formed in the BAA, assuming 2 2 0 1 s DK E P τδτ ++ =, i.e., θ = π/4. The TWM gain caused by the gain grating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... [30] was outlined to obtain in- plane subband dispersions in the valence band. Optical gain for transitions between subbands in conduction and valence bands is derived. Various scattering mechanisms ... interaction in inducing intersubband as well as intrasubband transitions. Among them, the 22ń11 process where both carriers originally in subband 2 end up in subband 1 is the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... with a variable optical delay line into the cavity, in order to vary the length of the fibre ring, thus finely changing the repetition rate of the generated sampling pulse train in the range 500 ... loss in the detector, including the component insertion loss and waveguide coupling loss; η con is the internal conversion efficiency in the PPLN, and can be estimated by Eq....

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20