... enhance, and expedite intra- and inter-firm knowledge manage-ment (Alavi and Leidner, 1998). Knowledge management systems (KMS) areintended to help organize, interpret, and make widely accessible ... before decision making, and greater understanding of the business (Leidner and Elam, 1995; Elliott, 1992).Evidence also suggests that EIS allow single- and double-loop learning(Vandenbosch and ... employee/job orientation and open/closed system were more determined by the philosophy of thefounders and senior managers. These latter dimensions might therefore bemore malleable. In considering...