... various countries in which
42
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
10 /1
Standard systems
Improved standard
systems by learning from
local requirements
1/ 10
Learning from local
situations and
exceptions
Increasing ... Learning from Best Practices
seven-dimensional model is a means to elicit, describe, and frame
the major dilemmas organizations must resolve when faced with
integration of p...
... VALUE DIMENSIONS
10 /1
Money created for
people who never
share
1/ 10
Mediocre performance
forever
Investing in stakeholder value
Developing short-term money for stakeholders
0
10
10
Short-term profit
reinvested
for ... for delays and tardiness is very low.
On the other hand, if you make an appointment for 10 .00 a .m. ,
a Chinese counterpart will most likely remember that...
... knowledge/expertise
•
commitment to tasks
•
Management by Objectives
•
Pay for Performance.
The Family
The Family culture is characterized by a high degree of central-
ization and a low degree of formalization. ... dilemmas from our web-
11 8
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
Our model identifies four competing organizational cultures that
are derived from two related dimensions:
•
Ta...
... considering:
13 2
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
Dilemma 1
•
The Market (think about what you could do in areas of
customers, time-to-market response, flow of information
from and to customers)
Transformation ... solving problems by reasoning
and logical insight on the one hand, or by empiricism and pragma
-
tism on the other. From the German perspective, the Americans
were too o...
... terms of mastering or changing
the environment, or of being part of a community or of striving for
216
BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
Aspro
A young couple is woken by an alarm clock at 6.30 am. The
man ... Express, Microsoft, and Procter & Gamble are good exam
-
ples of Ruler brands. American Express, for example, had a
successful campaign in which easily-recognized personalities...
... unions for the
benefit of HR. Compensation systems began to emerge with pay for
performance and other performance measurement systems.
In the 80s, through growth, improved communication, and new
technologies, ... firm, through to
a multi-local company and finally into a truly transnational organi
-
zation. For advertising this might mean the following:
2 31
MARKETING ACROSS C...
... year.
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FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING ACROSS CULTURES
easier to reformat to provide a common basis for reporting and deci
-
sion making.
Many regulations make comparability difficult. International Stand
-
ard 17 ... of each
employee.
2 71
MANAGING HR DILEMMAS ACROSS CULTURES
decline by 25 percent from 12 5 percent of the total current level a
year ago to now.
DIFFERENT MEANING...
... see it move? (Place an O
there.)
3. What organizational measures can the firm implement to move closer
to the 10 /10 position?
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BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES
istically open problems that manifest ... dilemmas. The important
lesson from our compilation of dilemmas is that all real-world
leadership problems are best considered as open problems and rep
-
resented as dilemmas. Future leade...
... that dilemma theory is a compound name for common
sense, but it is also a way of improving it. Yet the implications of this
insight are important. If good judgment is really a form of dilemma
reconciliation, ... recommend dilemma theory as a sure-fire
formula, nor as a substitute for human judgment, but rather as a
way of guiding, testing, recording, and understanding the import of
thes...