Solar energy 2012 Part 5 pdf

... Efficiency of Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cells 1 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 10 15 20 S b = 10 7 cm/s S b = 0 d ( μ m ) I dif (mA/cm 2 ) 17.8 mA/cm 2 (a) 5 10 15 20 10 – 9 10 – 8 10 – 7 10 – 6 ... 98 45- 1:1992. Romeo, N., Bosio, Canevari, A. V. & Podesta A., (2004). Recent progress on CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells, Solar Energy , 77, 7 95- 801. Sah C., Noyce...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... Intermittent 15- 17% Solar Chimney concrete 155 ~2000 Continuous ~50 % Floating Solar Chimney ~60 ~50 0 Continuous ~50 % Biomass 55 - 75 500-÷700 Continuous 85% Geothermal 50 -70 50 0-÷800 Continuous ... KWh/year 0. 25 36 720 1.0 2. 75 0.64 0 .50 36 720 2.0 5. 45 0.63 0. 75 36 720 3.0 7. 35 0 .57 1.0 36 720 4.0 9. 15 0 .53 Table 5. Direct construction cost of various...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... recombination, saturates. 1 2 SS 25 1, 36 () 33 55 tanh , 22 66 a a aa t Ett t jt E j EBntttt σ σσ − ⎧ ⎛⎞ ⎪ −< ⎜⎟ ⎪ ⎝⎠ = ⎨ ⎪ ⎛⎞ ⎛⎞ ⎛⎞ +− Δ − > ⎪ ⎜⎟ ⎜⎟ ⎜⎟ ⎝⎠ ⎝⎠ ⎝⎠ ⎩ Solar Energy 308 In similar ... selenium the semiconductor solar cell was developed. The very first silicon p-n junction solar cell was made in 1 954 , energy conversion efficiency of which was 6% an...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... structures, was 50 0 cm/s approximately. 0 100 200 300 400 50 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 AM1 .5 AM0 J sc [ mA/cm 2 ] Diffusion length L p [ μ m] 0 5 10 15 20 0.48 0 .50 0 .52 0 .54 0 .56 0 .58 0.60 0.62 d c b a AM0 ... reciprocal temperature, as shown in the insert of Figure 15. 0 5 10 15 20 25 10 -6 1x10 -5 1x10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 3 .5 4.0 4 .5 5.0 10 -20 10 -1...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... Measured concentration factors 0 250 50 0 750 1000 1 250 150 0 1 750 2000 2 250 250 0 2 750 3000 -10-9-8-7-6 -5- 4-3-2-10123 456 78910 Radius [mm] Concentration factor [suns] z=0 z=-1.5mm z=+4mm z=-4mm z=-6mm z=+10mm z=+20mm z=+30mm z=+42mm ... Concentrated Solar Energy in Materials Science 155 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0123 456 78910 Depth (mm) HV500gf e1 c e2 Fig. 11...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... 5) . Au thickness (nm) 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 0 PTCDI-C7 thickness (nm) 0 1 2 3 4 2 0 Voc (V) 0 .50 0 .50 0 .52 0.48 0.47 0.1 0.44 Jsc (mA/cm 2 ) 5. 63 5. 62 5. 64 3. 75 2.88 0. 35 3.21 FF % 57 ... (0.5nm) 8.09 0.49 0 .56 2. 25 ITO 6.80 0.40 0. 25 0.67 b ITO/Au (0.5nm) 8.34 0. 45 0 .50 1.86 Table 2. Photovoltaic performance data of devices achieved with batches...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... [N/mm 2 ] f y [N/mm 2 ] f u [N/mm 2 ] Fe360 / S2 35 (EN 100 25) 2 35 360 2 15 340 Fe430 / S2 75 (EN 100 25) 2 75 430 255 410 Fe510 / S360 (EN 100 25) 360 51 0 3 35 490 Table 4. Strengths and failure stresses ... 75 (Table 3) W 3 E 1.4 * 1 .5 0. 1. W 4 β ; β = 0° (Table 3) W 4 βE 1.4 * 1 .5 0. 1. 1.4 * 1 .5 0. 1. 1.4 * 1 .5 1. 05 1. 1.4 * 1. 05 1 .5 1. W...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 .5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 vol t a g e ( V ) current density (mA/ c m 2 ) 6% 9% 11% a - Si 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 400 450 50 0 55 0 600 650 700 750 800 wa v e ... ogen σ ph- wi t hout hydr ogen σ p h- wi t hh y dr o g en 0.70 0. 75 0.80 0. 85 0.90 0. 95 1.00 1. 05 1.10 0 0. 05 0.1 0. 15 0.2 0. 25 0.3 0. 35 0.4 CH 4 /(SiH 4 +CH 4 ) Gamma without...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... dye-sensitized solar cells, Nat. Mater., 4 (20 05) 455 - 459 . Greene, L. E., Yuhas, B. D., Law, M., Zitoun, D., & Yang, P. D., Solution-Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowires, Inorg. Chem., 45( 2006) 753 5- 754 3. ... sensitized solar cells using well-aligned zinc oxide nanotip arrays, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (2006) 253 513- 253 5 15. Singh, D. P., Synthesis and Growth of ZnO Nanowires, Sci....

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Operation 30 days 15, 05 50,16 21 9% Response Time for Complaint 30 days 17,86 59 ,53 85 0% Table 6. Example of monitoring Fig. 8. Estimation Time – Frequency Histogram Energy Management ... Time 60 days 12, 25 20,42 17 45 1% Connection Time 10 days 6,93 69,30 12 75 11% Contract Cessation Time 30 days 17,92 59 ,74 2263 7% First Intervention Time 8 hours 1 ,50 23,00 18 65...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 14:20