Solar energy 2012 Part 5 pdf
Solar energy 2012 Part 5 pdf
...
Efficiency of Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
1 15
0 10 20 30 40 50
10
15
20
S
b
= 10
7
cm/s
S
b
= 0
d
(
μ
m
)
I
dif
(mA/cm
2
)
17.8 mA/cm
2
(a)
5
10
15
20
10
–
9
10
–
8
10
–
7
10
–
6
... 98 45- 1:1992.
Romeo, N., Bosio, Canevari, A. V. & Podesta A., (2004). Recent progress on CdTe/CdS thin
film solar cells, Solar Energy , 77, 7 95- 801.
Sah C., Noyce...
Solar energy 2012 Part 8 pdf
... Intermittent 15- 17%
Solar Chimney concrete 155 ~2000 Continuous ~50 %
Floating Solar Chimney ~60 ~50 0 Continuous ~50 %
Biomass 55 - 75 500-÷700 Continuous 85%
Geothermal 50 -70 50 0-÷800
Continuous ...
KWh/year
0. 25 36 720 1.0 2. 75 0.64
0 .50 36 720 2.0 5. 45 0.63
0. 75 36 720 3.0 7. 35 0 .57
1.0 36 720 4.0 9. 15 0 .53
Table 5. Direct construction cost of various...
Solar energy 2012 Part 11 pdf
... recombination, saturates.
1
2
SS
25
1,
36
()
33 55
tanh ,
22 66
a
a
aa
t
Ett
t
jt
E
j
EBntttt
σ
σσ
−
⎧
⎛⎞
⎪
−<
⎜⎟
⎪
⎝⎠
=
⎨
⎪
⎛⎞
⎛⎞ ⎛⎞
+− Δ − >
⎪
⎜⎟
⎜⎟ ⎜⎟
⎝⎠ ⎝⎠
⎝⎠
⎩
Solar Energy
308
In similar ... selenium the
semiconductor solar cell was developed.
The very first silicon p-n junction solar cell was made in 1 954 , energy conversion efficiency
of which was 6% an...
Solar energy 2012 Part 4 pot
...
structures, was 50 0 cm/s approximately.
0 100 200 300 400 50 0
15
20
25
30
35
40
AM1 .5
AM0
J
sc
[ mA/cm
2
]
Diffusion length L
p
[
μ
m]
0 5 10 15 20
0.48
0 .50
0 .52
0 .54
0 .56
0 .58
0.60
0.62
d
c
b
a
AM0 ... reciprocal temperature, as shown in the insert
of Figure 15.
0 5 10 15 20 25
10
-6
1x10
-5
1x10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
3 .5 4.0 4 .5 5.0
10
-20
10
-1...
Solar energy 2012 Part 6 pot
...
Measured concentration factors
0
250
50 0
750
1000
1 250
150 0
1 750
2000
2 250
250 0
2 750
3000
-10-9-8-7-6 -5- 4-3-2-10123 456 78910
Radius [mm]
Concentration factor [suns]
z=0
z=-1.5mm
z=+4mm
z=-4mm
z=-6mm
z=+10mm
z=+20mm
z=+30mm
z=+42mm
... Concentrated Solar Energy in Materials Science
155
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0123 456 78910
Depth (mm)
HV500gf
e1
c
e2
Fig. 11...
Solar energy 2012 Part 9 docx
... 5) .
Au thickness (nm) 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 0
PTCDI-C7 thickness
(nm)
0 1 2 3 4 2 0
Voc (V) 0 .50 0 .50 0 .52 0.48 0.47 0.1 0.44
Jsc (mA/cm
2
) 5. 63 5. 62 5. 64 3. 75 2.88 0. 35 3.21
FF % 57 ... (0.5nm) 8.09 0.49 0 .56 2. 25
ITO 6.80 0.40 0. 25 0.67
b
ITO/Au (0.5nm) 8.34 0. 45 0 .50 1.86
Table 2. Photovoltaic performance data of devices achieved with batches...
Solar energy 2012 Part 10 docx
...
[N/mm
2
] f
y
[N/mm
2
] f
u
[N/mm
2
]
Fe360 / S2 35 (EN 100 25) 2 35 360 2 15 340
Fe430 / S2 75 (EN 100 25) 2 75 430 255 410
Fe510 / S360 (EN 100 25) 360 51 0 3 35 490
Table 4. Strengths and failure stresses ... 75
(Table 3)
W
3
E
1.4
*
1 .5 0. 1.
W
4
β ; β = 0°
(Table 3)
W
4
βE
1.4
*
1 .5 0. 1.
1.4
*
1 .5 0. 1.
1.4
*
1 .5 1. 05 1.
1.4
*
1. 05 1 .5 1.
W...
Solar energy 2012 Part 13 doc
... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 .5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
vol t a
g
e
(
V
)
current density (mA/ c m
2
)
6%
9%
11%
a
-
Si
0
0. 1
0. 2
0. 3
0. 4
0. 5
0. 6
0. 7
0. 8
0. 9
400 450 50 0 55 0 600 650 700 750 800
wa v e ... ogen
σ ph- wi t hout hydr ogen
σ
p
h- wi t hh
y
dr o
g
en
0.70
0. 75
0.80
0. 85
0.90
0. 95
1.00
1. 05
1.10
0 0. 05 0.1 0. 15 0.2 0. 25 0.3 0. 35 0.4
CH
4
/(SiH
4
+CH
4
)
Gamma
without...
Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Devices Part 5 pdf
... dye-sensitized solar
cells, Nat. Mater., 4 (20 05) 455 - 459 .
Greene, L. E., Yuhas, B. D., Law, M., Zitoun, D., & Yang, P. D., Solution-Grown Zinc Oxide
Nanowires, Inorg. Chem., 45( 2006) 753 5- 754 3. ... sensitized solar cells using well-aligned zinc oxide
nanotip arrays, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (2006) 253 513- 253 5 15.
Singh, D. P., Synthesis and Growth of ZnO Nanowires, Sci....
Energy Management Systems 2012 Part 5 doc
... Operation
30 days 15, 05 50,16 21 9%
Response Time for Complaint 30 days 17,86 59 ,53 85 0%
Table 6. Example of monitoring
Fig. 8. Estimation Time – Frequency Histogram
Energy Management ... Time 60 days 12, 25 20,42 17 45 1%
Connection Time 10 days 6,93 69,30 12 75 11%
Contract Cessation Time 30 days 17,92 59 ,74 2263 7%
First Intervention Time 8 hours 1 ,50 23,00 18 65...
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