Solar energy 2012 Part 4 pot

... spray 26.0 90 13 .4 Gouskov, 1983. spray 9. 34 85 21.0 Vasu et al., 1990 spray 10.0 90 34. 9 Manifacier, 1981 spray 4. 4 85 44 .7 Saxena, 19 84 sputtering 12.5 95 47 .9 Theuwissen, 19 84 evaporation ... polycrystalline configuration with a (40 0) preferential grain orientation. 10 20 30 40 50 60 7002000 40 0060008000(622)(611) (44 0) (41 1) (40 0)(222)T =48 0 °C [Sn]/[In]=0 % [Sn]/[In]=5 ... Vol.3 54, 247 2- 247 7, ISSN 0022-3093 Manifacier, J. & Szepessy, L. (1977). Efficient sprayed In2O3:Sn n-type silicon heterojunction solar cell. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.31, N.7, 45 9 -46 2,...

... synthesis assisted with concentrated solar energy: mass influence on adherence and porosity, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 86, 33 -42 , ISSN 0927-0 248 Stanley, J.T.; Fields, C.I.& ... ISSN: 09 24- 0136 Fernández, B.J. ; López, V.; Vázquez, A.J. & Martínez, D. (1998). Cladding of Ni superalloy powders on AISI 41 40 steel with concentrated solar energy, Solar Energy Materials ... factors0250500750100012501500175020002250250027503000-10-9-8-7-6-5 -4- 3-2-1012 345 678910Radius [mm]Concentration factor [suns]z=0z=-1.5mmz=+4mmz=-4mmz=-6mmz=+10mmz=+20mmz=+30mmz= +42 mm Fig. 1. Concentration factor of the Fresnel lens Solar Energy...

... 175 16 - 14, 31 2 0,90 6 185 14 -11,56 3 0,90 4 200 12 -4, 27 4 1,1 8 185 12 -21,82 5 1,1 6 200 16 -18 ,43 6 1,1 4 175 14 -15,27 7 1,2 8 200 14 -20,33 8 1,2 6 175 12 -21,51 9 1,2 4 185 16 ... kWe 642 Electrical energy kWhe2 750 1 94 Thermal energy for hot water about 90°C kWht1 6 94 880 Thermal energy for steam kWht1 502 160 A) Electrical energy costs € 336 649 B) Hot water energy ... N ( 14) with V = A, B, C, D Main effects of control parameters are shown in table 9. A B C D 1 -30, 14 -56 ,46 -51,09 -55,37 2 -55,52 -51,50 -56,01 -47 ,16 3 - 64, 47 -42 ,17 -43 ,03 -47 ,60...

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... IRE. 45 , 1228–1 242 . Sites, J.R. & Xiaoxiang Liu, (1996). Recent efficiency gains for CdTe and CuIn1−xGaxSe2 solar cells: What has changed? Solar Energy Materials & Solar cells. 41 /42 ... DC24V, 90Wx2 Photovoltaic (Kyosera, KC -40 TJ) Type : Multi crystal Nominal power : 43 W Maximum voltage : 17 .4 V Dimensions : 526x652x 54 mm Weight : 4. 5 kg Fuel cell (Daido Metal, HFC- 241 00) ... the course ends. 026 4 (a) Current ［ A］0102030 40 50(b) Voltage [V](c) Power [W] -40 040 60020 40 6080(d) Illuminance [k lux]Time [sec]PVMotor8-2 40 800FCPVFC120PVFCStopRun...

... KWh/year 1.0 40 180 1.0 7.2 1. 54 1.0 40 360 2.0 8.0 0.85 1.0 40 540 3.0 8.7 0.62 1.0 40 720 4. 0 9 .4 0.50 1.0 40 800 4. 5 9.8 0 .47 Table 4. Direct construction cost of various SAEPs Solar collector ... table(2). Solar collector area in Km2 FSC internal diameter d in m FSC height H in m Rating power Pr in MW 1.0 40 180 1.0 1.0 40 360 2.0 1.0 40 540 3.0 1.0 40 720 4. 0 1.0 40 800 4. 5 Table ... T 2000, Solar Chimney Cycle Analysis with System loss and solar Collector Performance”, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, August Vol 122/pp.133-137. [4] Papageorgiou C. 20 04 Solar Turbine...

... anode and the organic material. 0 ,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1 ,4 0,10,20,30 ,4 0,50,60,70,80,91,0Y =0,6 944 5-0,6098 X+0,62 041 X2PAY =0, 241 26-0,38 543 X+0 ,47 7 14 X2 PIVoc (V) Δ(LUMOA - HOMOD) ... HOMO = [( -4. 5)- (0.199-Eox)] eV (9). Solar Energy 248 Batch Anode Jsc (mA/cm2) Vco (V) FF η % ITO 7.31 0 .45 0 .44 1 .45 a ITO/Au (0.5nm) 8.09 0 .49 0.56 2.25 ITO 6.80 0 .40 0.25 0.67 ... Rsh (Ω) ITO/CuPc/C60 /Al/PI 4. 75 0. 24 90 ITO/CuPc/C60 /Al/PA 4. 40 0 .41 1650 ITO/CuPc/C60 /Alq3/Al/PI 7.75 0 .45 1800 ITO/CuPc/C60 /Alq3/Al/PA 7 .45 0 .48 1850 Table 1. Jsc and Voc...

... 1 .4 * 1.5 0. 1. W 4 β ; β = 0° (Table 3) W 4 βE 1 .4 * 1.5 0. 1. 1 .4 * 1.5 0. 1. 1 .4 * 1.5 1.05 1. 1 .4 * 1.05 1.5 1. W 4 βE 1 .4 * 0. 1.5 1. 1 .4 * 1.5 1.05 0.83 W 4 β ... oxygen observed as the change of interfacial electronic structure, Chem. Phys. Lett., 41 4, 47 9 -48 2. Solar Energy 278 Discussing about the real significance of such an effect when considering ... after about 4 months, a concrete thickness of about 255 mm is still in saturated conditions). 1,00,70,50 ,4 0,20,20,1 4, 0012,0020,0028,0036,00 44 ,0052,0070,000,300 ,40 0,500,600,700,800,901,00R.H....

... stimulated the solar energy lending. Germany in the decade from 19 94 to 20 04, installed as much as 70 times more solar energy equipment, and now is installed more than 1GW: produced over 3TWh energy, ... Vol. 74, No. 11 (September 2006) 1153 14 1-5, ISSN 1098–0121. Solar Energy 298 0 10203 040 0,000,020, 04 0,060,080,10jt/ttr0.10.3131030100300Β /BL= 0.01a)0 10203 040 0,000,020, 04 0,060,080,10jt/ttr0.10.3131030100300Β/ΒL=1ttrb) ... for thin solar cells, materials. Although, due to the high cost of these energy sources, extracted energy was only a small part of total energy production, but the lending spread as energy sources...

... Amorphous silicon carbide solar cells, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 19th, New Orleans, LA, May 4- 8, 1987, Proceedings (A88- 342 26 13 -44 ) 6 84- 688 Solar Energy 3 64 Fig.12 shows J-V ... photoelectrode for solar- to-hydrogen photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical devices, proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7 044 , 7 044 -11, ISBN: 978081 947 2 649 , San Diego, ... 1329-1 341 , ISSN: 0013 -46 86 Gratzel, M. (2001). Photoelectrochemical cells, Nautre Vol .41 4 (November 2001) 338- 344 , ISSN: 0028-0836 Hassan, A. & Hartmut, S. (1998). The German-Saudi HYSOLAR...