How sustainable are our economies 13 pptx

... increasing resource productivity: How to measure the total material consumption of regional or national economies? Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2, 437–442. Bringezu, S. (2002). Towards sustainable ... (WCED) (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. World Resources Institute (WRI) (1992). World resources 1992–93. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wo...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... are crude estimates, anticipating an equal distribution of access to natural resources, of which 80% are cur- rently used by 20% of the world population. 13 The relativity stems from the rarely ... I.1. ● Compare the main schools of eco–nomics. What are their sustainability notions? Why and how do environmental and ecological economists differ in dealing with environmental impac...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... in the above-mentioned examples show progress or regress in the particular areas they represent. They do not show the relative significance of any specific area or target. The reason is incomparability ... capacity are the drawbacks of overlay mapping. Plate 5.1 Overlay mapping: global warming and precipitation effects Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2005), Vital Climate Change Graphics. (See...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... increasingly on foreign resources (op. cit.). Globalization, together with domestic resource depletion, are significant factors in this outsourcing of natural resource supply (Section 14.1). 6.3.3 ... national welfare. Similar to the above-described welfare indi- ces (Section 7.1.1), extended income and product accounts and derived measures of economic welfare deducted ‘defensive’ (welfa...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... and other resource taxes as a significant source of governmental property income (shown in the primary income distribution accounts) ● The acquisition of tradable emission and resource use permits ... Pearce (1994); USA: Landefeld and Howell (1998). Notes: a EDP 1 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion only. b EDP 2 is NDP, adjusted for natural resource depletion and environmen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... 2–4 Indonesia 13 31 a UK 0–5 b Papua New Guinea 3–10 USA 0.4–1.5 c Philippines 0.5–4 a Notes: a Depletion only. b Oil and gas depletion only. c Subsoil resources only. Source: Table 8.1. 10.1 Welfare ... Welfare (MEW), the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) or the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) supposedly indicate past and, by extrapolation, future trends of economic welf...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... non-declining welfare generation. In fact, if the welfare package is broad enough, non-decline of welfare can also be viewed as sustainable development (Mäler, 1991). Note however that the search ... share the effects of cost-pushed price increase with consumers. At the international level, shared responsibility for outsourcing hazardous production processes and importing natural resou...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few mineral resources ... (water and forests) appears to be sustainable at the national level. Some exhaustible resources, notably coal, are subsidized to the extent that they do not show a positive economic va...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

... capacity are the drawbacks of overlay mapping. Plate 5.1 Overlay mapping: global warming and precipitation effects Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal (2005), Vital Climate Change Graphics. (See Colour Plates) 5.1 ... in the above-mentioned examples show progress or regress in the particular areas they represent. They do not show the relative significance of any specific area or target. The reason...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20

... environmental sinks and (re)sources are sometimes considered to be public goods (in the public domain): in general, however, only produced (usually by the government) such goods are deemed to be public. ... emissions are measured in the official environmental statistics. Natural resource depletion is less significant in Germany (0.6% of total environ- mental cost), as there are few...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 10:20