... This model was applied to the test set.4.3 n-gram Part -of- Speech Model Separating the data into training, validation and testsets was carried out by generating a random dialogueID. The IDs are ... Tutiya, A. Ichikawa, and Y. Den.1998. An analysis of turn-taking and backchannels. lan-guage and Speech, 23:296-321.S. Lamia, G. Bugmann, T. Kyriacou, J. Bos, and E. Klein.2001. Training ... each of our Follower backchannels,53 A Shallow Model of Backchannel Continuers in Spoken DialogueNicola CathcartJean Carletta and Ewan KleinCanon Research Centre EuropeSchool of InformaticsBracknell,...