Handbook of plant based biofuels - Chapter 18 ppt

... add- ing commercial natural antioxidants such as pyrogallol (PY), propylgallate (PG), tert-butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol ... stability of karanja methyl esters. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 260 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels a = A × (moles of MeOH per mole of oil) p × (percent KOH) q...

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... cyclopentenolone, 1-acetyloxy-2-propanone, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrone, 2-methoxy- 4- methylanisole, 4-OH-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, maltol, etc. (Diebold 2000). Inorganic components can be present in bio-oil in ... ethanol, 2-propene-1-ol, isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-bu-• tanol, ethylene glycol, etc. Ketones: acetone, 2-butanone, 2-butanone (mek), 2,3-butandione, cyclo-• pentanone, 2-pentanone,...

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... Group, LLC 180 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels eties, an additional 800 thousand tons of vegetable oil would be available. Or if future improvements could increase oil yields to an average of 22% ... LLC Section III Production of Biodiesel © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 178 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels conversion on a weight basis, this represents a...

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... LLC 282 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 20.1 INTRODUCTION Recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices, and scarcity of supply have promoted interest in the development of alternative ... Francis Group, LLC 290 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 20.4.6 ex H a u S t Ga S te m P e r a t u r e The variation of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to...

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... infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of plant- based biofuels / editor, Ashok Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-1 -5 602 2-1 7 5-3 (alk. ... © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 10 Handbook of Plant- Based B...

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... the availability of biomass. Methanol is currently made from natural gas but can also © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 14 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels from hydrogen-carbon oxide mixtures ... search for viable biofuels. The EU has also adopted a proposal for a directive on the promotion of the use of biofuels with measures ensuring that biofuels account fo...

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... of methyl esters as a function of water content in transesteri- cation of triglycerides. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 50 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels autoclave is poured into ... 46 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels and biological routes. Biofuel is a nonpolluting, locally available, accessible, sustain- able, and reliable fuel obtained ... Dilution...

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... In Encyclopaedia of Energy, ed. C. J. Cleveland, 54 1-5 55. New York: Elsevier. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 66 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ecological risks, biofuels can only ... very bad with regard to Based on de Bont, J. A. M. and J. H. Reith, personal communication. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 70 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuel...

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... immobilized microorganism popula- © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 82 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 6.6 POTENTIAL OF ZYMOMONAS MOBILIS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM MOLASSES Higher ... et al., 1998 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 84 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels TABLE. 6.6 Comparison of Batch Fermentation of Molasses with Z. mobilis...

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... linkages (Guzman-Maldonado and Paredas-Lopez 1995; Kuriki and Umanaka 1999). © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels both the -1 , 4- and -1 ,6-glucosidic bonds ... LLC 102 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels one-step purication of pullulanase and amylases from standard preparation of the enzyme. Techniques like macroafnity...

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