Handbook of plant based biofuels - Chapter 5 potx

... In Encyclopaedia of Energy, ed. C. J. Cleveland, 54 1 -5 55 . New York: Elsevier. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 66 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ecological risks, biofuels can only ... 57 5. 1 Introduction 58 5. 2 Current Status 59 5. 2.1 Generic Conversion Scheme 59 5. 2.2 Sucrose-to-Ethanol 60 5. 2.3 Starch-to-Ethanol 61 5. 2.4 Lignocellulosics-to-...

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... infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of plant- based biofuels / editor, Ashok Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-1 -5 6 02 2-1 7 5- 3 (alk. ... © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 10 Handbook of Plant- Based B...

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... Pressure (MPa) Drying Liquefaction 52 5–600 5 20 Unnecessary Pyrolysis 650 –800 0.1–0 .5 Necessary © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 16 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels to smaller compounds by ... Products Carbonization Days 6 75 Very low Charcoal Conventional 5 30 min 8 75 Low Oil, gas, char Fast 0 .5 5 s 9 25 High Bio-oil Flash-liquid <1 s <9 25 Very high Bi...

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... effect of initial pore size and lignin content on the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood. Biores. Technol. 64: 113–119. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 168 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels also ... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 170 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels fermentation step with the help of metabolic engineering is just one of the aspects of a...

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... ratio of water to triglyceride, 54 ). (From Minami, E. and S. Saka. 2006. Fuel 85: 2479–2483. With permission.) © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 214 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 15. 1 ... 213 15. 1 Introduction 214 15. 2 Supercritical Fluid 214 15. 3 One-Step Supercritical Methanol Method (Saka Process) 2 15 15. 4 Two-Step Supercritical Methanol Method (Saka-Dad...

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... Variation of CO 2 with brake mean effective pressure. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 274 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 0 0 1.77 3.11 4.89 6.22 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 50 0 BMEP ... 0.87–0.90 Flash point (ºC) 70 157 174 164 ≥130 Pour point (ºC) -1 0 -1 5 -3 -5 0 -1 -3 -1 Sulphur content – 0.02% 0.04% 0.03% 0. 05 Moisture cont...

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... cyclopentenolone, 1-acetyloxy-2-propanone, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrone, 2-methoxy- 4- methylanisole, 4-OH-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, maltol, etc. (Diebold 2000). Inorganic components can be present in bio-oil in ... ethanol, 2-propene-1-ol, isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-bu-• tanol, ethylene glycol, etc. Ketones: acetone, 2-butanone, 2-butanone (mek), 2,3-butandione, cyclo-• pentanone, 2-pentanone,...

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... properties of tallow and soybean oil esters. JAOCS 72: 155 7– 156 4. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 52 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels oil, reaction temperature, reaction time, water ... of methyl esters as a function of water content in transesteri- cation of triglycerides. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 50 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuel...

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... (%) 46.0 48.0 45. 0 55 .0 50 .0 Crude Protein (%) 3.0 6.0 4.0 0 .5 0.4 Nitrogen Free Extract (%) 63.0 62.0 55 .0 55 .0 65. 0 Total Fat (%) 0.0 0.0 0.2 0 .5 0.0 Total Fiber (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .5 0.0 Ash (%) ... cell-free fermented TABLE 6.1 Composition of Different Types of Molasses Item Type of molasses Cane Beet Citrus Extract Starch Brix 79 .5 79 .5 71.0 65. 0 78.0 Total Sol...

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... aerogenes 6 50 4 .5 12 50 – – Anaerobranca gottschalkii 8 70 70 8 65 98,973 Bacillus acidopullulyticus 5 65 4–8 .5 55 – – Bacillus cereus 6 50 5 9 50 853 97 ,50 2 Bacillus circulans 7 50 5 8 50 – – Bacillus ... linkages (Guzman-Maldonado and Paredas-Lopez 19 95; Kuriki and Umanaka 1999). © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels bot...

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