Handbook of plant based biofuels - Chapter 3 ppt

... 37 3. 3.4 .3 Pyrolysis of Lignin 37 3. 3.5 Pyrolysis Reactors 38 3. 3.6 Properties of Bio-Oils 38 3. 3.7 Composition of Bio-Oil 39 3. 3.8 Composition of Pyrolysis Gas and Char 40 3. 3.9 Uses of Bio-Oil ... Liquid Fuels 34 3. 3.1 Slow Pyrolysis 35 3. 3.2 Fast Pyrolysis 35 3. 3 .3 Flash Pyrolysis 35 3. 3.4 Mechanism of Pyrolysis of Biomass 36 3. 3.4.1 Pyroly...

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... LLC Section III Production of Biodiesel © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 178 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels conversion on a weight basis, this represents a maximum of 12% of diesel fuel use ... LLC 180 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels eties, an additional 800 thousand tons of vegetable oil would be available. Or if future improvements could increase oil...

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... add- ing commercial natural antioxidants such as pyrogallol (PY), propylgallate (PG), tert-butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), 3- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol ... stability of karanja methyl esters. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 260 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels a = A × (moles of MeOH per mole of oil) p × (percent KOH) q...

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... D240 – 36 .50 42.5 Viscosity (mm2/s) at 40°C ASTM D445 1. 9-6 .0 5.81 3. 8 Flash point (°C) ASTM D 93 >110 130 48 Cloud point (°C) ASTM D2500 -3 –12 4 -1 Pour point (°C) ASTM D97 -1 5–10 -8 -1 6 © ... yield of the process and the production cost of the biodiesel. The molar ratio is dened as the ratio of number of moles of alcohol to number of moles of t...

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... infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of plant- based biofuels / editor, Ashok Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-1 -5 602 2-1 7 5 -3 (alk. ... © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 10 Handbook of Plant- Based B...

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... Selectivities (wt%) 100Fe/ 6Cu/5K/ 25SiO 2 100Fe/6Cu/ 5K/3Al 2 O 3 / 22SiO 2 100Fe/6Cu/ 5K/5Al 2 O 3 / 20SiO 2 100Fe/6Cu/ 5K/7Al 2 O 3 / 18SiO 2 100Fe/6Cu/ 5K/10Al 2 O 3 / 15SiO 2 100Fe/ 6Cu/5K/ 25Al 2 O 3 CH 4 C 2–4 C 5–11 C 12–18 C 19+ 6 .3 24.5 26.8 21.9 20.5 8.7 27.8 27.6 21.2 14.4 10.4 30 .8 32 .2 15.8 11.0 10.7 29.9 33 .9 15.0 10.6 14 .3 33. 4 40.0 6.0 6.1 17 .3 46.5 3...

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... of methyl esters as a function of water content in transesteri- cation of triglycerides. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 50 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels autoclave is poured into ... Dilution with Hydrocarbons FIGURE 4 .3 Use of vegetable oils as petroleum alternative fuels. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 48 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofue...

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... In Encyclopaedia of Energy, ed. C. J. Cleveland, 54 1-5 55. New York: Elsevier. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 66 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ecological risks, biofuels can only ... Sucrose-to-Ethanol 60 5.2 .3 Starch-to-Ethanol 61 5.2.4 Lignocellulosics-to-Ethanol 62 5 .3 Outlook for Bioethanol Development 65 5 .3. 1 Drivers for Fuel Ethanol Development 65...

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... (gallons) ATCC 4 132 CBS 237 Y 7494 UCD 505 UCD 595 ATCC 266 03 DADY BAKER ATCC 26602 NCYC 90 Y 2 034 CBS 1 235 93 90 86 83 81 81 77 77 62 57 55 35 73 70 67 65 63 63 60 60 48 44 43 27 © ... Ingram. 19 83. Lipid composition of Zymomonas mobilis: Effects of ethanol and glucose. J. Bacteriol. 154: 1291– 130 0. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, L...

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... linkages (Guzman-Maldonado and Paredas-Lopez 1995; Kuriki and Umanaka 1999). © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels both the -1 , 4- and -1 ,6-glucosidic bonds ... HYDROLYSIS OF BOTH -1 , 4- AND -1 ,6-GLUCOSIDIC LINKAGES 7. 5.1 G l u c o a m y l a S e S (ec. 3. 2.1 .3) This class of enzymes, also referred to as amylogucos...

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