Handbook of plant based biofuels - Chapter 1 potx

... of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of plant- based biofuels / editor, Ashok Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8 -1 -5 602 2 -1 7 5-3 (alk. paper) 1. ... 7 1. 5 Status of Biofuel 9 1. 6 Bioethanol 9 1. 7 Biodiesel 11 References 12 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 4 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels...

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... Selectivities (wt%) 10 0Fe/ 6Cu/5K/ 25SiO 2 10 0Fe/6Cu/ 5K/3Al 2 O 3 / 22SiO 2 10 0Fe/6Cu/ 5K/5Al 2 O 3 / 20SiO 2 10 0Fe/6Cu/ 5K/7Al 2 O 3 / 18 SiO 2 10 0Fe/6Cu/ 5K /10 Al 2 O 3 / 15 SiO 2 10 0Fe/ 6Cu/5K/ 25Al 2 O 3 CH 4 C 2–4 C 5 11 C 12 18 C 19 + 6.3 24.5 26.8 21. 9 20.5 8.7 27.8 27.6 21. 2 14 .4 10 .4 30.8 32.2 15 .8 11 .0 10 .7 29.9 33.9 15 .0 10 .6 14 .3 33.4 40.0...

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... by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 64 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels 0.5 to 1. 0% sulfuric acid at about 16 0 to 19 0°C for approximately 10 minutes. Dur- ing this reaction, the hemicellulose ... In Encyclopaedia of Energy, ed. C. J. Cleveland, 54 1- 5 55. New York: Elsevier. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 66 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels ecological...

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... CONTENTS Abstract 15 9 11 .1 Introduction 16 0 11 .2 Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 16 0 11 .2 .1 Acid Hydrolysis 16 0 11 .2 .1. 1 Dilute Acid Hydrolysis 16 0 11 .2 .1. 2 Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis 16 2 11 .3 Enzymatic ... Vignon. 19 91. Saccharication of steam-exploded pop- lar wood. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 38: 13 08 13 17. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC...

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... Biotechnol. 11 5: 7 81 7 91. With permission.) © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 220 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels In the autocatalytic reaction by the FA, less methanol makes the FA concentra- tion ... requirements of the EU and U.S. standards. CONTENTS Abstract 213 15 .1 Introduction 214 15 .2 Supercritical Fluid 214 15 .3 One-Step Supercritical Methanol Method...

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... 0.87–0.90 Flash point (ºC) 70 15 7 17 4 16 4 13 0 Pour point (ºC) -1 0 -1 5 -3 -5 0 -1 -3 -1 Sulphur content – 0.02% 0.04% 0.03% 0.05 Moisture content – 0. 01% 0. 01% 0. 01% ≤0.05% © 2009 by Taylor & ... Vol.) Diesel MOME MOEE MOBE FIGURE 19 .8 Variation of CO 2 with brake mean effective pressure. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 274 Handbook of Plant...

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... ethanol, 2-propene -1 - ol, isobutanol, 3-methyl -1 - bu-• tanol, ethylene glycol, etc. Ketones: acetone, 2-butanone, 2-butanone (mek), 2,3-butandione, cyclo-• pentanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-cyclopentanone, ... cyclopentenolone, 1- acetyloxy-2-propanone, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-pyrone, 2-methoxy- 4- methylanisole, 4-OH-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, maltol, etc. (Diebold 2000). Inorganic...

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... of methyl esters as a function of water content in transesteri- cation of triglycerides. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 50 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels autoclave is poured into ... 4 .1 Critical Temperatures and Critical Pressures of Various Alcohols Alcohol Critical Temperature (K) Critical Pressure (MPa) Methanol 512 .2 8 .1 Ethanol 516 .2 6.4 1- P...

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... Group, LLC 86 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels Comberbach, D. M. and J. D. Bu’Lock. 19 84. Continuous ethanol production in the gas lift tower fermenter. Biotechnol. Lett. 6: 12 9 13 1. Damiano, ... Kissiris Nigam et al., 19 96 Diluted molasses (14 0) 58 - 71 Shake ask Amberlite IRN 15 0 pretreatment of molasses Gough et al., 19 98 Diluted molasses (14 0) 60...

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... linkages (Guzman-Maldonado and Paredas-Lopez 19 95; Kuriki and Umanaka 19 99). © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Handbook of Plant- Based Biofuels both the -1 , 4- and -1 ,6-glucosidic bonds ... HYDROLYSIS OF BOTH -1 , 4- AND -1 ,6-GLUCOSIDIC LINKAGES 7. 5 .1 G l u c o a m y l a S e S (ec. 3.2 .1. 3) This class of enzymes, also referred to as amylog...

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