... iteration time increases, both mean and varianceincrease linearly with the time index k. Furthermore, thevariance of m(k) increases linearly with the variance of therandom Gaussian delay, ... terminals. In a variety ofapplications, sensor nodes are required to maintain accuratetime synchronization, for example, moving object tracking,reconnaissance and surveillance, environmental ... error can be modeled as a Gaussianrandom variable, νPHY, with zero mean and variance σ2PHY(the variance of arrival time estimator). In the physical layerdelay model used here, we assume...