Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 5 pdf

... Saf 55 :236–242. © 2009 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 98 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment The chapter includes a critical evaluation of the state of veterinary ... 2004b. Veteri- nary medicines in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 180:1–91. Boxall ABA, Kolpin D, Halling-Sørensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 3) Effects assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 4) Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in the aquatic ... Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Natural Environment 113 5. 5.1 Episodic Exposures 114 5. 5.2 Matrix Effects 114 5. 5.3 Metabolites and Deg...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... (SETAC) 8 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment veterinary medicines. However, taken together these data sets are likely to reect the general picture of usage of veterinary medicines in Europe, ... Chemistry (SETAC) 16 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment 2.4 SUMMARY The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several fa...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... (SARSS) in 1998. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate is the licensing authority for veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom and runs the SARSS nationally. The SARSS runs parallel to the pharmacovigilance ... renewed. The United Kingdom provides a typical case study of an incident-reporting scheme. The reporting of environmental incidents involving veterinar...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 118 Sulfadimethoxine Min 89 Median 144 Sulfamethoxazole Min Tetracycline 6 0 -5 4-8 Hogs 60 5 — 272 3-6 50 90000 Median 420999 Trimethoprim 73 8-7 0 -5 Hogs 8 5 168 0-3 990 Median 258 9 110 Tylosin 140 1-6 9-0 Hogs 25 3 ... kg –1 ) DT50 (d) Sulfachloropyridazine 8 0-3 2-0 Hogs 20 10 3.3 8.1 16 18 Median 17 2.8 3 .5 Sulfadiazine 6 8-3 5- 9 Hogs 25 3 61 10.4 Sulf...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... determining the inputs and fate of veterinary medicines in the soil environment. Models used for estimating concentrations of veterinary medicines in animal manure and in soil, and the fate ... Veterinary Medicines in the Environment are needed to understand these mechanisms for veterinary medicines, and the VICH guidelines indicate that a case-by-case...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 158 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment ploughing). Contamination by veterinary medicines primarily occurs when manure or slurry from treated animals is removed from conne- ment facilities ... impact Endpoints LC/EC 50 values/NOEC These endpoints are used in the derivation of the PNEC and fed into the risk assessment. NOEC This endpoint is used in the deri...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... CONCLUSIONS The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment concluded the following: 1) The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the ... mixtures of veterinary medicines and mixtures containing veterinary medicines and other contaminant classes. 9) There should be development of clear guida...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 0–40 40–67 a 0– 95 0–98 0–48 C 1 –2.7 15 (–3) –3. 05 (–3) –2.42 (–3) –3 .55 (–3) –1.99 (–2) –4.98 (–3) 5. 52(–3) –6.633(–3) C 2 3.113 ( 5) –2.94 ( 5) –4.6 15 ( 5) 9.63 ( 5) –1.92 ( 5) 3.77 (–6) 1.286 ... be possible in bulk solution studies. Thus, the uncertainties in σ determination by the single-particle levitation experiment lie largely in estimating the product (V d t i K)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... In the semi-acid region of Colorado, the pH is constant at 7.30 in the first part of a storm and drops to 7.00 in the second part. In Italy, the pH oscillated between 6.4 and 5. 6, indicating the ... will also expand the belt of clouds containing ice north in the southern and south in the northern hemisphere. This in turn will increase daytime global cooling. 8...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20