Veterinary Medicines in the Environment - Chapter 4 potx

... 3.5 Sulfadiazine 6 8-3 5-9 Hogs 25 3 61 10 .4 Sulfamethazine 5 7-6 8-1 Hogs Min 46 Median 110 Sulfathiazole 7 2-1 4- 0 Hogs 116 176 80 Median 118 Sulfadimethoxine Min 89 Median 144 Sulfamethoxazole Min Tetracycline ... (SETAC) 92 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment Boxall ABA, Kolpin D, Halling-Sørensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary medicines caus- ing envi...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... CONCLUSIONS The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment concluded the following: 1) The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the ... mixtures of veterinary medicines and mixtures containing veterinary medicines and other contaminant classes. 9) There should be development of clear guida...

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... medi- cines in the environment 2) Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 3) Effects assessment of veterinary medicines in the terrestrial environment 4) Exposure ... of veterinary medicines in the aquatic environment 5) Effects assessment of veterinary medicines in the aquatic environment The specic objectiv...

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... (SETAC) 8 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment veterinary medicines. However, taken together these data sets are likely to reect the general picture of usage of veterinary medicines in Europe, ... Halling-Sørensen 2000; Boxall et al. 20 04) . Over the past 10 years, the scientic community has become increasingly interested in the impacts of veterinary me...

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... of environmental incidents involving veterinary medi- cines became part of the UK Suspected Adverse Reaction Surveillance Scheme (SARSS) in 1998. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate is the ... activity. The UK SARSS scheme has identied the following issues when identifying environmental incidents: Veterinary medicines are not actively monitored in the environmen...

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... Croxford A. 2004b. Veteri- nary medicines in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 180:1–91. Boxall ABA, Kolpin D, Halling-Sørensen B, Tolls J. 2003. Are veterinary medicines caus- ing environmental ... 55:236– 242 . © 2009 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 98 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment The chapter includes a critica...

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... determining the inputs and fate of veterinary medicines in the soil environment. Models used for estimating concentrations of veterinary medicines in animal manure and in soil, and the fate ... Veterinary Medicines in the Environment are needed to understand these mechanisms for veterinary medicines, and the VICH guidelines indicate that a case-by-case...

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... by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 1 64 Veterinary Medicines in the Environment (PEC) values through modeling (see Chapter 6), they also provide valuable infor- mation ... impact Endpoints LC/EC 50 values/NOEC These endpoints are used in the derivation of the PNEC and fed into the risk assessment. NOEC This endpoint is used in the de...

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... combining Equations 4. 4, 4. 12, and 4. 13, one obtains (4. 14) Here, n is the solubility in moles of solute per mole of water, which can be found either in International Critical Tables 47 or in the ... C (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 79.9 ± 0.5 1510 0.1 149 4. 489 ( 4) 1.385 (–6) Na 2 SO 4 84. 2 ± 0 .4 –2330 0.37 54 –1.763 (–3) 2 .42 4 (–6) NaNO 3 74. 3 ± 0 .4 3162 0.1868 –1.67...

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... 77 4. 3 .4. 2 Fission Fragments and Other Activation Products 79 4. 4 Radioactivity in Rainwater 83 4. 4.1 Introduction 83 4. 4.2 The Presence of Radioactivity in Rainwater: Sources and Pathways 84 4 .4. 2.1 ... 84 4 .4. 2.1 Natural Radioactivity 84 4 .4. 2.2 Man-Made Radioactivity 84 4 .4. 3 Levels and Distribution 85 4. 4.3.1 Natural Radioactivity 85 4. 4.3.2 Man-Made Radio...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20