Nanotechnology and the Environment - Chapter 11 (end) pot

... Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment 11. 7 SUPPLEMENTAL READING Charlton, M.A. and Emery, R.J., An analysis of reported incidents involving radiophar- maceuticals for the ... those individuals in laboratories involved with the analysis of radioactivity in food and the environment. Sources of radiation inherent to these analytical processes and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... vitamin C in the diet, and depending on the cooking process, losses in the vitamin content are quite different. For example, boiling can reduce the vitamin C content in about 15% and baking can induce ... LLC 422 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment The free radicals formed during irradiation can react with nutrients and other components...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Nanotechnology and the Environment 6 019 8.indb 1 6 /12 /08 1: 31: 28 PM © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 4 Nanotechnology and the Environment Health (BAuA), Federal ... exposure and worked in the area of regulatory compliance for worker and commu- nity right-to-know legislation. 6 019 8.indb 11 6 /12 /08 1: 31: 30 PM © 2009...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Applications 23 2. 4.1 Titanium Dioxide 25 2. 4 .2 Zero -Valent I ron 25 2. 4.3 Silver 26 2. 4.4 Carbon Black 27 2. 4.5 Carbon Nanotubes 28 2. 4.6 Fullerenes 29 2. 5 Summary 30 References 31 © 20 09 by Taylor ... nanomateri- alstoillustratevariousaspectsofnanotechnology.Unlessotherwisenoted,product informationinthischapteroriginatedfromtheNanotechnologyConsumerProducts Invento...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... worker exposure. The environmental question that then arises is the capture and reuse of © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 46 Nanotechnology and the Environment FIGURE 3. 5 Example of template-directed ... 33 3. 1.1 Manufacturing: Form and Function 33 3. 1.2 Looking Forward…Looking Back 34 3. 2 A Brief Pr imer on Ma nufactu ri ng Processes 35 3. 3 Ramications...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... CAA§112(f)(2) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(f)(2). 41 . 42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(r)(1). 42 . CAA § 112(r)(2)(A), 42 U.S.C. § 741 2(r)(2(A). 43 . CAA§112(r)(3 )-( 5) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(r)(3 )-( 5). 44 . CWA§101(a),33U.S.C.§1251(a). 45 . CWA§301(a),33U.S.C.§1311(a). 46 . ... http://www.epa.gov/air/particles/ pdfs/whitepaper20051220.pdf. 35 . 42 U.S.C.,§ 741 2. 36. CAA,§112(b)(2) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(b)(2)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... (SPM) Scanningprobemicroscopy(SPM),arelativelynewertool,providesatruethree- dimensionalsurfaceimage.SPMincludesavarietyofdifferenttechniques,includ - ingatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)andscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM), whichhaveprovenusefulforimagingandmeasuringmaterialsatthenanoscale. SPMtechniquesarebasedonamechanicalsurveyofthesurfaceofanobjectorpar - ti cle.Averynetipmountedonacanti...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... a () e " © « ª ¹ » º  © « ª ¹ » º 4 1 45 1 6 0 3 0 9 0 3 U ¬¬ ®   ¼ ¾ ½ ½ (6. 27) where n isthenumberofbindingsitesuponthenanoparticle.Examplesofthedif- ferentialrelationsareprovidedinFigure6.6forC60fullerene-fullerene[A]andC60 fullerene ... [31]. 6. 5 CONCLUSIONS Laboratoryandeldstudiestodateshowhownanomaterialsinteractwitheachother andwithotherenvironmentalconstituentstoaffectt...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... because the toxicity of nanomaterials and theirfateandtransportintheenvironmentwerenotwellunderstoodatthetime, theBritishRoyalSocietyandtheRoyalAcademyofEngineeringrecommended that “factories and ... nano-C60, the water-stable aggregate that forms when fullerenes (C60) come in contact with water. Their r esearch shows that the pH ofthewateraffectstheparticlesizeofthenano-C60,andthei...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... curve, whichistypicallyanS-shapedfunction.Plottedonagraph,withthedoseonthex- axisandthepercentoforganismsaffectedonthey-axis,thecauseoftheinections intheS-shapedcurveareduetothepresenceofsensitiveindividualsinthelowdose ranges and tolerant individuals in the ... the greatest risk to the lung because they can be transportedlikeagasandreachthedeepestportionofthelungs,thealveoli .The l...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 195 9. 1.3 Critical Variables 195 9. 2 Exposure and Effects through Ingestion 196 9. 2.1 Diffusion 196 9. 2.2 Endocytosis 199 9. 3 Exposure and Effects through Dermal Absorption 200 9. 4 Exposure and ... reported dose-dependent lesions, primarily inter- stitial granulomas, in both the 7- and 90 -day groups. The lesions were more promi- nentinthe90-dayanimals.Micealsowere...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... State University.ThisBNPcontains99.9wt%ironand0.1wt%palladiumandpoly - mersupport.Thepolymerisnottoxic;theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhas approvedtheuseofthepolymerasafoodadditive.Thepolymerlimitstheability ofthenZVIparticlestoagglomerateandadheretosoils.Casestudiespresented © ... charac - te risticsofthereagent,butalsoontheowofgroundwaterthroughtheaquifer ,the groundwater geochemi...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... hazard and exposure data, and lack of standard toolstocombineLCAandRA(Step4). 11. 2.2 NANO RISK FRAMEWORK Environmental Defense, a U.S based non-prot environmental advocacy group, and the multi-national ... LLC Balancing the Risks and Rewards 257 11. 3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Developmentofalternativematerialsandnewcatalystsbasedonnanotechnology offers many potential benets t...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... CONCLUSIONS The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment concluded the following: 1) The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the ... mixtures of veterinary medicines and mixtures containing veterinary medicines and other contaminant classes. 9) There should be development of clear guida...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... determination of the thick- depth is estimated by values of the order of 10 m at the C-band. It means that lake ice does not fully absorb radiowaves longer than the C-band waves, and the thermal microwave ... covers the soil; k s , T s , and T os are the emissivity, the temperature, and the brightness temperature of the bare soil, respec- tively; T v and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21