Nanotechnology and the Environment - Chapter 8 potx

... 1996. 88 . Food Standards Agency and Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Radio- activity in Food and the Environment, 1997, RIFE-3, Food Standards Agency and SEPA, London and Stirling, 19 98. 89 . ... reindeer meat in 1 986 , and later demonstrated a marked seasonal variation in the concentration linked with the migration of the animals between their summer ra...

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... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Nanotechnology and the Environment 6 019 8.indb 1 6 /12 /08 1: 31: 28 PM © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 4 Nanotechnology and the Environment Health (BAuA), Federal ... exposure and worked in the area of regulatory compliance for worker and commu- nity right-to-know legislation. 6 019 8.indb 11 6 /12 /08 1: 31: 30 PM © 2009...

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... Applications 23 2. 4.1 Titanium Dioxide 25 2. 4 .2 Zero -Valent I ron 25 2. 4.3 Silver 26 2. 4.4 Carbon Black 27 2. 4.5 Carbon Nanotubes 28 2. 4.6 Fullerenes 29 2. 5 Summary 30 References 31 © 20 09 by Taylor ... nanomateri- alstoillustratevariousaspectsofnanotechnology.Unlessotherwisenoted,product informationinthischapteroriginatedfromtheNanotechnologyConsumerProducts Invento...

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... worker exposure. The environmental question that then arises is the capture and reuse of © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 46 Nanotechnology and the Environment FIGURE 3. 5 Example of template-directed ... 33 3. 1.1 Manufacturing: Form and Function 33 3. 1.2 Looking Forward…Looking Back 34 3. 2 A Brief Pr imer on Ma nufactu ri ng Processes 35 3. 3 Ramications...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... CAA§112(f)(2) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(f)(2). 41 . 42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(r)(1). 42 . CAA § 112(r)(2)(A), 42 U.S.C. § 741 2(r)(2(A). 43 . CAA§112(r)(3 )-( 5) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(r)(3 )-( 5). 44 . CWA§101(a),33U.S.C.§1251(a). 45 . CWA§301(a),33U.S.C.§1311(a). 46 . ... http://www.epa.gov/air/particles/ pdfs/whitepaper20051220.pdf. 35 . 42 U.S.C.,§ 741 2. 36. CAA,§112(b)(2) ,42 U.S.C.§ 741 2(b)(2)...

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... (SPM) Scanningprobemicroscopy(SPM),arelativelynewertool,providesatruethree- dimensionalsurfaceimage.SPMincludesavarietyofdifferenttechniques,includ - ingatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)andscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM), whichhaveprovenusefulforimagingandmeasuringmaterialsatthenanoscale. SPMtechniquesarebasedonamechanicalsurveyofthesurfaceofanobjectorpar - ti cle.Averynetipmountedonacanti...

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... a () e " © « ª ¹ » º  © « ª ¹ » º 4 1 45 1 6 0 3 0 9 0 3 U ¬¬ ®   ¼ ¾ ½ ½ (6. 27) where n isthenumberofbindingsitesuponthenanoparticle.Examplesofthedif- ferentialrelationsareprovidedinFigure6.6forC60fullerene-fullerene[A]andC60 fullerene ... [31]. 6. 5 CONCLUSIONS Laboratoryandeldstudiestodateshowhownanomaterialsinteractwitheachother andwithotherenvironmentalconstituentstoaffectt...

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... because the toxicity of nanomaterials and theirfateandtransportintheenvironmentwerenotwellunderstoodatthetime, theBritishRoyalSocietyandtheRoyalAcademyofEngineeringrecommended that “factories and ... nano-C60, the water-stable aggregate that forms when fullerenes (C60) come in contact with water. Their r esearch shows that the pH ofthewateraffectstheparticlesizeofthenano-C60,andthei...

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... curve, whichistypicallyanS-shapedfunction.Plottedonagraph,withthedoseonthex- axisandthepercentoforganismsaffectedonthey-axis,thecauseoftheinections intheS-shapedcurveareduetothepresenceofsensitiveindividualsinthelowdose ranges and tolerant individuals in the ... the greatest risk to the lung because they can be transportedlikeagasandreachthedeepestportionofthelungs,thealveoli .The l...

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... 195 9. 1.3 Critical Variables 195 9. 2 Exposure and Effects through Ingestion 196 9. 2.1 Diffusion 196 9. 2.2 Endocytosis 199 9. 3 Exposure and Effects through Dermal Absorption 200 9. 4 Exposure and ... reported dose-dependent lesions, primarily inter- stitial granulomas, in both the 7- and 90 -day groups. The lesions were more promi- nentinthe90-dayanimals.Micealsowere...

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... State University.ThisBNPcontains99.9wt%ironand0.1wt%palladiumandpoly - mersupport.Thepolymerisnottoxic;theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhas approvedtheuseofthepolymerasafoodadditive.Thepolymerlimitstheability ofthenZVIparticlestoagglomerateandadheretosoils.Casestudiespresented © ... charac - te risticsofthereagent,butalsoontheowofgroundwaterthroughtheaquifer ,the groundwater geochemi...

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... hazard and exposure data, and lack of standard toolstocombineLCAandRA(Step4). 11. 2.2 NANO RISK FRAMEWORK Environmental Defense, a U.S based non-prot environmental advocacy group, and the multi-national ... LLC Balancing the Risks and Rewards 257 11. 3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Developmentofalternativematerialsandnewcatalystsbasedonnanotechnology offers many potential benets t...

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... CONCLUSIONS The SETAC Workshop on Veterinary Medicines in the Environment concluded the following: 1) The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on several factors, including the ... mixtures of veterinary medicines and mixtures containing veterinary medicines and other contaminant classes. 9) There should be development of clear guida...

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... may vary depending on the sample type and the purpose of the analysis. In the United This chapter was not prepared on behalf of the California Department of Food and Agriculture and therefore does ... used around the world: PAM-I (Luke and Storres methods); European standards I, II, and III [14,15]; those of Sweden [ 16] , the Netherlands [17], United Kingdom [18...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Agriculture and Environ- ment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 19 98. The United Nations and national governments have long been interested in ascertaining the resistance situation. A 1 984 study initiated by the ... failure. Factors used in deciphering a resistance report included the Whalon and McGaughey definition of resistance [3], several intrinsic and extrinsic factors of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21