Environmental Life Cycle Costing - Chapter 8 pot

... appropriate for a sustain- ability assessment. © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 156 Environmental Life Cycle Costing The life cycle cost, as a ratio to ... the outset of the deliberations of the SETAC-Europe Working Group on Life Cycle Costing, identied 3 types of life cycle costing. The principal dif- ferences in these method...

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... compared. 3.2.2 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FROM ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES As explained in Chapter 1, the term life cycle has to be seen analogously to the physical life cycle for a functional ... physical life cycle with the * Environmental, economic, and social aspects form the 3 pillars (see Chapter 9). © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and C...

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... depressed or lost. 2 Enz -SH + Pb 2+ → Enz -S- Pb -S- Enz + 2H + (4.3) It has been shown that transaminases and δ -aminolevulinate dehydratase both ... the organism. This chapter discusses general ways in which environmental pollutants exert their actions on plants, animals, and humans. 4.2 PLANTS 4.2.1 Sources of Pollution For the most par...

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... include: volcanic eruption, wind-blown dust from dry soil, ocean spray, coal grinding, rock crushing, stone-cutting and polishing, high-power drilling of tunnel rocks, manufac- ture of pottery, and others. ... Airborne particulate matter. Science, 281 , 1609, 19 98. LA4154/frame/C09 Page 120 Thursday, May 18, 2000 10:32 AM © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 114 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY...

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... Used 143 7 .8 Passenger Car 143 7 .8. 1 Summary 143 7 .8. 2 Denition of the Case Study 143 7 .8. 3 Entry Gate and Drivers 147 7 .8. 4 Implementation 1 48 7 .8. 5 Overview of Tools Used 1 48 7.9 Life Cycle Costs ... Rebitzer 8. 1 Three Types of Life Cycle Costing 153 8. 1.1 Conventional LCC 153 © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 1 1 Intr...

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... history © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 34 Environmental Life Cycle Costing TABLE 2.3 Summary of recommended discounting of the life cycle costing results LCC ... of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Modeling for Life Cycle Costing 19 investments. However, surveys indicate (see Chapter 6) that some corporations...

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... 10 9 2 08 1 .88 10 12 1.77 Fe-ore 5.07 10 11 0.961 4 .87 10 11 0.46 Pt-ore 1.24 10 5 7.43 10 6 9.21 10 11 0 .87 Pd-ore 9.90 10 4 7.43 10 6 7.36 10 11 0.69 Pb-ore 2 .80 10 9 175 4.90 10 11 0.46 P-minerals ... listed in Table 4.4 and life cycle inventory underlying LCIA in Table 0.1. © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 72 Environmental Life Cy...

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... the United States. © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 86 Environmental Life Cycle Costing typically, be complemented by a chromate-based stripping operation ... methodology. Note: See text for description. © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 88 Environmental Life Cycle Costing TABLE 5.1 Inventor...

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... static life cycle. These were set to a life cycle duration of 0 years in Figure 6.5; the longest life cycle spans 90 years (a building).** * The SETAC-Europe Working Group on Life Cycle Costing ... survey. Duration of Life Cycle in Case Studies (years) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 FIGURE 6.5 Duration of life cycle in the case studies (x-axis: individual case st...

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... plant). © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 146 Environmental Life Cycle Costing Life Cycle Costs Figure 7.12 and Table 7.20 show the annual life cycle costs ... 790 980 1160 1330 1500 1660 182 0 1990 180 350 520 680 84 0 1000 1140 1290 1430 1570 1995 160 310 450 600 740 87 0 1000 1130 1250 1370 2000 140 270 400 520 640 760 87 0 980...

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