Radionuclide Concentrations in Foor and the Environment - Chapter 2 docx

... h 22 8 Ac 23 2  22 8  1.9 y 56 s 0.15 s 3.7 d 21 2 Pb 21 6 Po 22 0 Rn 22 4 Ra 11 h 21 2 Bi 21 2 Po 20 8 Tl 61 m (64%) 3.1 m 61 m (36%) 3.1 × 10 −7 s 20 8 Pb DK594X_book.fm Page 27 Tuesday, June 6, 20 06 ... m 23 8 U 23 4 Pa 23 4 U 2. 4 × 10 5 y 3.8 d 1.6 × 10 3 y 7.7 × 10 4 y 22 2 Rn 22 6 Ra 21 8 Po 23 0  21 4 Pb 3 m 21 4 Bi 21 4 Po 21 0 Pb 20 m 6.4 × 10 −5 s 2...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8 49 3-3 59 4-9 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 59 4-5 (Hardcover) This book contains information ... extent of the spread of contamination. The remaining chapters of this book discuss the hazards and radiation safety connected with radionuclides in foods...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... on organ- isms. These will be examined using the five-kingdom convention of Rose [16] and incorporating the effects analyses of Sazykina [23 ]. Rose noted that within individual kingdoms there was ... exposure and potential effects. The difficulty arises in trying to measure them, either in the field or in a laboratory setting, and then interpret them with regard to an organi...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Air (Bq/m 3 ), with the Exception of 22 2 Rn and 22 0 Rn Nuclide 23 8 U 23 0 Th 22 6 Ra 21 0 Pb 21 0 Po 23 2 Th 22 8 Ra 22 8 Th 23 5 U Average volume ... 10 –3 23 8 U1 × 10 –6 23 0 Th 0.5 × 10 –6 22 6 Ra 1 × 10 –6 21 0 Pb 500 × 10 –6 21 0 Po 50 × 10 –6 23 2 Th 0.5 × 10 –6 22 8 Ra 1 × 10 –6 22 8 Th 1 × 10 –6 23 5 U 0.05 × 10 –...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Wet and dry deposition of I- 129 in Seville (Spain) measured by accel- erator mass spectrometry, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 55, 26 9, 20 01. 108. Muramatsu, Y. and Ohmomo, Y., I- 129 and I- 127 in environmental ... M., and Rachold, V., 22 8Ra and 22 6Ra in the Kara and Laptev seas, Cont. Shelf Res., 23 , 113, 20 03. 43. Moore, W.S., Determining coastal mixing rates usi...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Bq/kg) Saito and Jacob [63] Beck et al. [64] Clouvas et al. [65] Quindos et al. [49] 23 2 Th series 22 8 Ac 0 .22 0 .28 0.19 0 .21 21 2 Bi 0. 027 0. 021 0. 024 0. 025 20 8 Tl 0.33 0. 32 0.30 0. 32 2 12 Pb 0. 028 ... and Sanchez Aroche, D., Uranium -2 3 8 and thorium -2 3 2 series con- centrations in soil, radon -2 2 2 indoor and drinking water concentrations and dose...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... LLC 180 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment by the ratio at equilibrium between the activity concentration in the animal product considered and the amount ingested daily in the ... Earth’s surface. 6 .2. 1 W INDS Winds are the driving force for the transport of airborne pollutants. They deter- mine the direction of the plume of pol...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... LLC Radionuclides in Foodstuffs and Food Raw Material 23 9 22 6 Ra was found to be highest in the bone ( 72 Bq/kg), but was in the range 0 .23 to 1.7 Bq/kg in other tissues. The report added that 22 6 Ra levels in ... by industry regulators. Information generated in routine monitoring programs is invaluable in determining the effect on the environment and fo...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... material, E = energy of the incident particle. − = ⋅ ⋅ dE dx e m ZB 2 4 0 2 π υ. B mE I c c = − −−−+ln .( ) (ln ) 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 22 1 1 υ υ υυ ccc c 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 8 11         + ... determined using a 22 6 Ra point source where the most intensive γ-rays of 22 6 Ra in equilibrium with its daughters have been used. The relative intensities (the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... 346 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment 10 .2. 4 MASKING OF ILLICIT MATERIALS Knowledge of the underlying deficiencies of radiation detection instruments and the inherent ... detectors, and Peltier-cooled PIN detectors [61]. A PIN detector works in the same way as a p-n junction, but it has an intrinsic layer between the p-n junctions, hence the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20