... counting was boosted further when Georgia began
strongly encouraging many of its plants to install particle counters. Plants in Cali-
fornia and a few other states also began to investigate particle ... Royco was still a major
supplier of particle counters, and a second firm named Met One was also situated
to provide particle counters for water treatment application...
... detected
and measured if it produces a signal with a minimum 2 to 1 signal -to- noise ratio.
B. SIGNAL -TO- NOISE RATIO
All electronic instruments are subject to various forms of “noise,” or random,
meaningless ... mentioned is Section A, the smallest particle that can be reliably measured
must produce a signal amplitude at least twice that of the noise, or a 2 to 1 signa...
... floppy disks are available in several proprietary formats, providing
storage capacities up to a gigabyte or more. They are most useful for manual data
backup and transport. Data can be accessed more ... device. They are most useful for small-scale distribution of large amounts
of data. Some can only be recorded once, unlike magnetic disks, and are not as
practical for day -to- day...
... optomux protocol. While the standard optomux protocol
is supported by many SCADA packages, not all of the commands are included. The
standard optomux protocol provides for minimums, maximums, and ... of
four-conductor cabling.
B. PROTOCOLS
Each of the available units communicates data by way of a unique protocol.
When a standard turnkey system is installed, the protocol is not impo...
... display for the affected particle counter. The left-hand indicator is for commu-
nication alarm, and the right-hand indicator denotes a data alarm. The combination
of the main alarm display and ... real-time data in the same package, as each
display can be configured in one of the three modes. Several other options are
available, such as manual or automatic scaling for the data (vert...
... Packaged Treatment Plants
Packaged treatment plants, as touched on above, are prefabricated plants, which
are more cost-effective than ground-up plants for smaller applications. A packaged
plant ... removal. (Courtesy of Pacific Scientific Instruments, Grants Pass, OR.)
28 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING
manufacturers of packaged treatment plants employ particle c...
... at a time. If a spare
is available it can be rotated into service. The maintenance log should be kept up-
to- date, and calibration stickers displaying the date of calibration placed on each
particle ... practical.
2. Particle Counter Calibration Verification
Verifying calibration is an easier and more practical step for the water plant
operator. Only a couple of partic...
... PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING
The disadvantage to this approach is that the particle counter data are collected
and displayed separately from the other plant data, requiring separate training ... second alternative is the direct interface of the particle counters to SCADA
using serial data communications. All count data, as well as status and alarm
information, are t...
... case of online particle counting, trending the grab-sample data
with other plant parameters will add to its value. If these data are available in a
usable file format that can be imported into ... prior to each
use. Certainly an acid washer and particle- free storage area would be ideal, but these
are usually not necessary for 2- m particle counting. It is a good idea to k...