... Bari6AbstractBackground: There is a growing interest in using pay -for- performance mechanisms in low and middle-incomecountries in order to improve the performance of health care providers. However, at present there ... evidence on the effectiveness of these strategies in improving health care and health, particularly in lowerincome countries [Witter et al, Paying providers for performance in health care in low ... between independent monitoring and integration in a national system. Furtherdocumentation of process and cost-effectiveness, and careful examination of the wider impacts of paying for performance,...