Biology of Marine Birds - Chapter 2 doc

... regions of seabirds feeding by 9882_frame_C03 Page 79 Tuesday, July 3, 2001 8:54 AM 48 Biology of Marine Birds APPENDIX 2.1 (Continued) List of fossil seabirds See text and notes at bottom of table ... 9882_frame_FM Page 12 Tuesday, July 3, 2001 9:39 AM 42 Biology of Marine Birds APPENDIX 2.1 (Continued) List of fossil seabirds See text and notes at bottom of table...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 01:49

... Faunas 22 2. 3.1.3 Human-Induced Extinction of Seabirds from Pacific Islands 23 2. 3 .2 The Fossil Record of the Alcidae 26 2. 4 Conclusions 28 Acknowledgments 30 Literature Cited 30 Appendix 2. 1 36 Appendix ... Fossil Record of Seabirds 18 2. 3 The Importance of Seabird Fossils 21 2. 3.1 Paleontology and the Structure of Seabird Communities 21 2. 3.1.1 North Pacific S...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 68 3. 2 .3. 3 Family Fregatidae 68 3. 2 .3. 4 Family Sulidae 68 3. 2 .3. 5 Subfamily Phalacrocoracinae 71 3. 2.4 Order Charadriiformes 72 3. 2.4.1 Family Stercorariidae 72 3. 2.4.2 Subfamily Larinae 73 3.2.4 .3 ... 73 3.2.4 .3 Subfamily Sterninae 74 3. 2.4.4 Family Rhynchopidae 74 3. 2.4.5 Family Alcidae 75 3. 3 Discussion 77 3. 3.1 Species Boundaries 77 3. 3.2 Patterns of Se...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Advantages of Colonial Breeding 92 4. 4.1 Shortage of Nesting Sites 92 4. 4.2 Defense against Predation 92 4. 4.3 A Colony Is a Safe Place 94 4 .4. 4 Social Stimulation 94 4 .4. 5 Wynne-Edwards’ Concept of ... of nest density in Figure 4. 3. Days after 1 May 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % chicks fledging Days after 1 June 1 0 50 100 150 200 250...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Indian Pacific Latitude 55 °S 50 °S 52 °S Size of population 650 00 3300 10– 150 00 Mass of adult (g) 356 0 ± 396 3 655 ± 353 2 750 ± 161 Culmen length (mm) 119.0 ± 2.4 118.4 ± 3.9 112 .5 ± 2.9 Breeding success ... periods having pop- ulations of marked birds. Short-term studies of seabirds are inadequate to characterize the demo- graphic pattern of seabird populations because s...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Distribution 190 7. 5 Types of Weather Events and Their Specific Effects 191 7. 5.1 Long-Term Events 191 7. 5.2 One- to Three-Year Events 192 7. 5.2.1 El Niño–Southern Oscillation Events (ENSO) 193 7. 5.2.2 ... Winter 204 7. 5.3.3 Migration 204 7. 5.4 Short-Term Weather Effects 204 7. 6 Conclusions 205 Acknowledgments 206 Literature Cited 2 07 7.1 INTRODUCTION For a group of bird...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Jouventin (Chapter 9). 8. 5 BREEDING BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES 8. 5.1 E GGS The sizes of eggs laid by seabirds are discussed in Chapter 12 by Whittow. The majority of seabirds lay clutches of one ... guano birds. Auk 100: 680 – 688 . DUFFY, D. C. 1 984 . Nest site selection by Masked and Blue-footed Boobies on Isla Espanola, Galapagos. Condor 86 : 301–304. DUFFY, D. C. 1990....

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... al. 199 2, Furness 199 6, Bur ger and Gochfeld 199 6, Gochfeld and Burger 199 6, Nettleship 199 6, and Gaston and Jones 199 8. © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 304 Biology of Marine Birds SCOLARO, J. A. 199 0. ... Is. — 93 .6 0 .93 (14.78) 1,418 96 , 97 , 97 C. s. lönnbergi Iles Kerguelen 98 .3 96 .5 0 .92 5 (13.83) 1,835 19, 19, 19, 19 C. s. lönnbergi Anvers Is. — > 89 0 .95 (20....

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... condition of BMR. © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 376 Biology of Marine Birds provided in Table 11. 4 is the first comprehensive compilation of thermal conductances for seabirds from a variety of latitudes. ... LLC 374 Biology of Marine Birds analysis here but studies of the thermal biology of seabirds at different latitudes and under different conditions are needed. Aside...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... measurement of meal sizes and feeding frequency in albatrosses. Journal of Applied Ecology 21: 789–794. © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 460 Biology of Marine Birds TABLE 13. 5 Comparison of Energy Budgets of Family ... error of the time-energy budget method has been estimated to be on the order of 25% (Weathers 1992). TABLE 13. 3 Development of the Mass-Specific Energy Content...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... LLC 490 Biology of Marine Birds for mercury (20 of 21 studies), lead (4 of 7), cadmium (3 of 5), manganese (5 of 5), and selenium (3 of 3), with chromium showing less of a difference (only 1 of 4 ... Shearwater Black Skimmer - Barnagat - West - Cedar '91 - Cedar '92 - Cedar - Captree '90 - Captree '92 - Captree '93...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Seabirds 538 16. 3 Positive Effects of Fisheries on Seabirds 539 16. 3.1 Direct Effects 539 16. 3.1.1 Provisioning of Fisheries Discards and Offal 539 16. 3.2 Indirect Effects 540 16. 3.2.1 Removal of ... 1997.) © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 528 Biology of Marine Birds 16. 7.1.1 Culls 545 16. 7.1.2 Colony Displacements 545 16. 7.2 Mitigation 545 16. 7.2.1 Observer Programs 54...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Hillgarth CONTENTS 17. 1 Introduction 559 17. 2 Effects of Habitat Modification on Seabirds 560 17. 3 Introduced Species in Seabird Colonies 561 17. 3.1 Predators 561 17. 3.2 Grazers 562 17. 3.3 Plants 562 17. 4 Human ... Harvest of Seabirds 563 17. 4.1 Hunting 563 17. 4.2 Egging 563 17. 5 Human Intrusions in Seabird Colonies 564 17. 5.1 Tourism 564 17. 5.2 Scientific Research 5...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... suitable for birds that have adapted to a predator- and human-free environment (see Conservation of Marine Shore- birds, below; J. C. Coulson, Chapter 4, this volume). 18. 5 SHOREBIRDS AT SEA: ... CRC Press LLC 582 Biology of Marine Birds 18. 7.2 Problems at Sea: Phalaropes 604 18. 7.3 Influence of Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise 605 18. 7.4 Future Shorebird Protection...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Asynchronous Hatching 629 19. 4.3 Breeding-Site Fidelity 629 19. 4.4 Survival 632 19. 4.5 Population Regulation 632 19. 5 Wading Birds as Marine Animals 633 19. 5.1 Effects of Wading Birds on Marine and Estuarine ... breeding of Black-crowned Night Herons. Auk 96: 364–369. © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 618 Biology of Marine Birds 19. 7.3 Loss of Coastal Foraging Habitat...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20