AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 9 pot

... Data 237 10 .1. 1 ELS-I 239 10 .1. 2 ALSC 239 10 .1. 3 ELS-II 240 10 .1. 4 DDRP 240 10 .1. 5 PIRLA 240 10 .1. 6 ALTM 240 10 .1. 7 ERP 2 41 10.2 Watershed History 2 41 10.3 Lake-Water Chemistry 244 10 .4 Organic ... Chemistry 11 6 5 .1. 2 Space-for-Time Substitution 11 9 5 .1. 3 Paleolimnological Inferences of Dose–Response 12 0 5 .1. 4 Model Estimates of Dose–Response 12 3 5...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... x[Al T n+ ] - 2[ SO 4 2- ] - [NO 3 - ]-[ Cl - ]-[ F - ] 1416/frame/C 02 Page 14 Wednesday, February 9, 20 00 11:39 AM © 20 00 by CRC Press LLC Background and Approach 27 constituents. Analyses of historical ... of cal- cium is 2+ , and thus the multiplier is 2 in Eq. (2. 2). However, because of com- plexation with OH - , F - , and organ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... quantify the effects of acidic deposition on a regional scale. A crit- ical limitation of much of the acidic deposition effects research conducted to date has been, however, the nature of the questions ... 1995). 3. 3 Effects of Acidification Acidification from acidic deposition has a number of important chemical and biological effects. The most noteworthy relate...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... (mg/L) Dolly Sods 19 94 (n = 34) -1 8 (-5 3– -3 ) 4. 7 (4. 3–5.1) 105 (91–115) 4 (2–6) 11 (9–11) 2.2 (1.7–3.1) Otter Creek 19 94 (n = 63) -2 8 (-8 2–11) 4. 6 (4. 1–6.0) 129 (111–153) 6 (1– 14) 9 (8–10) 2.0 (0.9–3.1) Shenandoah ... Streams a 1986 NSS (n = 19, 940 ) 172 (65 49 1) 7.1 (6.5–7.5) 135 (62–229) 16 (4 34) 36 (18–68) 1.0 (0.7–1.7) Acidic SAMI Streams a...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... and 5. 4). Model-gen- erated median values of the F -factor ranges from 0 .56 to 0. 85, and values of the 5th percentile of Adirondack lake projections (0. 25 to 0.39) were reason- ably comparable ... results of space-for-time substitution (Table 5. 2), diatom-inferences of historical acidification (Table 5. 3), and results of process-based model hindcasts or future foreca...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Mountains are highly sensitive to potential acidic deposition effects because of the pre- dominance of granitic bedrock, thin acidic soils, large amounts of precipita- tion, coniferous vegetation, and ... 142 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 0. 06 (Landers et al., 1987; Stoddard, 1994). Survey data with which to evalu- ate the (largely episodic) effects that...

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... N. The combined inputs of N from deposition, miner- 1416/frame/C 07 Page 165 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2:15 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 156 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition natural ... deposition, p. 1 57, Copyright 1995. With permission from Elsevier Science.) 1416/frame/C 07 Page 173 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2:15 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 172 Aquatic Effe...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... follows: SO 4 2- (nonmarine) 45% NO 3 - 60% Al i 29% Ca 2+ 20% Mg 2+ 28% 1416/frame/C 08 Page 188 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2: 18 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 180 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition ment ... LLC 192 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 8. 2.5 Risdalsheia, Norway The Risdalsheia site in southernmost Norway receives a high loading of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... ( 199 2). Compar- isons of MAGIC forecasts from 198 9 through 199 6 and annual average mea- sured values of key parameters in East (reference) and West (treatment) Bear Brooks from 198 9 through 199 2 ... Risdalsheia. The results of these model testing efforts have been described by Sullivan et al. ( 199 4, 199 6, 199 8), Cosby et al. ( 199 5, 199 6), and Sullivan and Cosby ( 199 5) and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... LLC 240 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 10. 1.3 ELS-II During Phase II of the Eastern Lake Survey (ELS-II), a subset of ELS-I lakes was resampled during the spring and fall of 1986. ... to the effects of acidic deposition on aquatic resources. Acidic deposition effects research in the Adirondacks has played an important role in many of the areas o...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... many high-elevation western lakes were extremely sensitive to acidic deposition effects. The absence of evidence of chronic acid- ification was attributed to the low levels of acidic deposition ... by CRC Press LLC 288 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition presumably also ROMO) can result in the deposition of a significant mass of N to the snowpack in a very short...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 318 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition Short-term acidification—See episode. Simulation—Description of a prototype or system response to differ- ent conditions or inputs ... are formed by the confluence of two or more streams of the next lower stream order. Strong acid anion sum (SAA or C A )—Refers to the equivalent sum of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , Cl - , and F - ....

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Control and Effects of Air Pollution 164 199 8,2003,2004; Metaxa et al., 2009a,2009b,2009c; Roubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,20 09; Roubani-Kalantzopoulou et al., 199 6; Sotiropoulou et al., 199 5). ... marble of Penteli, (b) L 199 1 statue of Philippi, (c) L 291 statue of Kavala and (d) L351 statue of Kavala. Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 14:20

... 18.83 19. 68 19. 87 19. 81 17. 39 13 .93 8.31 4.54]; Is3=[16.68 15 .94 14 .94 13 .91 13. 29 12.40 9. 32 6 .95 3 .93 2.11]; Ps3=[4760.36 5 393 . 19 591 6.81 6182.37 6243.31 6224 .90 5464.44 4375.32 26 09. 29 1426 .96 ]; Qs3=[10 299 .87 ... 3 69. 29 15.15 16.68 4760.36 10 299 .87 83.41 200 878 .93 17.17 15 .94 5 393 . 19 9408.48 79. 72 100 1301 .94 18.83 14 .94 591 6.81 8263.42 74.71 70...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... Os- 191 m 9, 000 V-48 90 Mo -9 9 600 Cs-134 80 Os- 193 200 Cr-51 6,000 Tc -9 6 300 Cs-134m 20,000 Ir- 190 600 Mn-52 90 Tc -9 6 m 30,000 Cs-135 90 0 Ir- 192 100 Mn-54 300 Tc -9 7 6,000 Cs-136 800 Ir- 194 90 Mn-56 ... 300 Tc -9 7 m 1,000 Cs-137 200 Pt- 191 300 Fe-55 2,000 Tc -9 9 90 0 Ba-131 600 Pt- 193 3,000 Fe- 59 200 Tc -9 9 m 20,000 Ba-140 90 Pt- 193 m 3,000 Co-57 1,000 Ru -9 7 1,0...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22