AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 4 doc

... (mg/L) Dolly Sods 19 94 (n = 34) -1 8 (-5 3– -3 ) 4. 7 (4. 3–5.1) 105 (91–115) 4 (2–6) 11 (9–11) 2.2 (1.7–3.1) Otter Creek 19 94 (n = 63) -2 8 (-8 2–11) 4. 6 (4. 1–6.0) 129 (111–153) 6 (1– 14) 9 (8–10) 2.0 (0.9–3.1) Shenandoah ... Streams a 1986 NSS (n = 19, 940 ) 172 (65 49 1) 7.1 (6.5–7.5) 135 (62–229) 16 (4 34) 36 (18–68) 1.0 (0.7–1.7) Acidic SAMI Streams a...

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... 318 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition Short-term acidification—See episode. Simulation—Description of a prototype or system response to differ- ent conditions or inputs ... are formed by the confluence of two or more streams of the next lower stream order. Strong acid anion sum (SAA or C A )—Refers to the equivalent sum of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , Cl - , and F -...

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... 94 4 .4 Upper Midwest 94 4 .4. 1 Monitoring Studies 100 4. 4.2 Paleolimnological Studies 101 4. 4.3 Experimental Manipulation 102 4. 4 .4 Model Simulations 103 4. 5 West 103 4. 5.1 Monitoring Studies 111 4. 5.2 ... 239 10.1.3 ELS-II 240 10.1 .4 DDRP 240 10.1.5 PIRLA 240 10.1.6 ALTM 240 10.1.7 ERP 241 10.2 Watershed History 241 10.3 Lake-Water Chemistry 244 10 .4 Organic Aci...

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... titration results is often considerable. ANC = 2[Ca 2+ ] + 2[Mg 2+ ] + [K + ] + [Na + ] + [NH 4 + ] + x[Al T n+ ] - 2[SO 4 2- ] - [NO 3 - ]-[ Cl - ]-[ F - ] 141 6/frame/C02 Page 14 Wednesday, February ... balanced by SO 4 2- rather than HCO 3 - . This also lowers the ANC/[C B ] ratio. Even in low -DOC waters lack- ing watershed sources of SO 4...

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... quantify the effects of acidic deposition on a regional scale. A crit- ical limitation of much of the acidic deposition effects research conducted to date has been, however, the nature of the questions ... other mountainous areas of the West and approaching the deposition levels found 141 6/frame/C03 Page 49 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 1:59 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC...

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... acidic lakes was part of the regional data set of 48 lakes presumed to be acid-sensitive. ∆ANC ∆SO 4 2- ∆C B ∆SO 4 2- ∆Al ∆SO 4 2- ∆ANC ∆SO 4 2- 141 6/frame/C05 Page 118 Wednesday, February ... Recovery — -4 5 0.51 —— 6, 10 Average of 50 lakes Galloway, Scotland 1979–1988 Recovery 5 .4 + - 0.71 -7 6 a 0.13 0. 84 ~0.06 4 Little Rock Lake...

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... 142 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 0.06 (Landers et al., 1987; Stoddard, 19 94) . Survey data with which to evalu- ate the (largely episodic) effects that might be associated with N deposition were ... importance of NO 3 - vs. SO 4 2- acidity increased. In the acidic (ANC ≤ 0) samples from the ERP, NO 3 - concentrations were often of...

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... Sweden, p. 44 2, Copyright 1998. With permission from Elsevier Science.) 141 6/frame/C07 Page 161 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2:15 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 1 64 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition ... p. 3 54, Figure 2, Copyright 1998, Springer-Verlag. With permission.) 141 6/frame/C07 Page 1 64 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2:15 PM © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 160 Aquati...

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... 176 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 1. Increasing deposition of S and/or N. 2. Excluding the previously existing deposition via construction of roofs over entire forested plots or mini-catchments. 3. ... LLC 1 94 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition processes, and the quality and quantity of runoff water. Process-oriented models will be developed to link...

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... influence of an underpredic- tion of NO 3 - increase and an overprediction of NH 4 + increase. The annual dose of SO 4 2- (1800 eq ha per year) should increase the concen- tration of SO 4 2- in ... Press LLC 2 24 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition No long-term historical trends in deposition were assumed in the modeling efforts for any ions except SO...

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