AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 3 potx
AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 3 potx
... quantify the effects of acidic deposition on a regional scale. A crit-ical limitation of much of the acidic deposition effects research conducted todate has been, however, the nature of the questions ... 1995). 3. 3 Effects of AcidificationAcidification from acidic deposition has a number of important chemical andbiological effects. The most noteworthy relate to changes in the acid–base sta-tus of ... the pre-event soil waters have been1416/frame/C 03 Page 59 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 1:59 PM© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 36 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 3. 1 Characteristics of Sensitive...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 2 potx
... x[AlTn+] - 2[SO4 2- ] - [NO 3 - ]-[ Cl - ]-[ F - ] 1416/frame/C02 Page 14 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 11 :39 AM© 2000 by CRC Press LLCBackground and Approach 27constituents. Analyses of historical ... bound of 10 to 15 µeq/L for background SO4 2- inF ∆CB* ∆ SO4*NO 3 - +[]()⁄=1416/frame/C02 Page 31 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 11 :39 AM© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 12 Aquatic Effects of Acidic ... the state -of- the-science summary presented inChapters 3 through 12. We have a general idea of wet deposition levels of S and N throughout theU.S. on a regional basis, largely by virtue of the...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 1 pptx
... 9, 2000 11 :35 AM© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 3. 3 Effects of Acidification 60 3. 3.1 Aluminum 60 3. 3.2 Effects on Aquatic Biota 62 3. 3 .3 Effects on Amphibians 67 4 Extent and Magnitude of Surface ... Systems 36 3. 2 Causes of Acidification 38 3. 2.1 Sulfur 38 3. 2.2 Organic Acidity 38 3. 2 .3 Nitrogen 47 3. 2.4 Base Cation Depletion 50 3. 2.5 Land Use 53 3.2.6 Climate 58 3. 2.7 Fire 58 3. 2.8 Hydrology 59 ... Acid-Base Chemis-try in Response to Acidic Deposition (Sullivan, 1990). 1416/frame/C01 Page 3 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 11 :37 AM© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 4 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition ...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 4 doc
... 6 .31 15 16 21 26 90 38 6 8 10 0.8 2.7Cascades 14614 73 5.95 6.25 11 18 20 31 60 97 3 6 1 .3 2.6Idaho Batholith88 937 6 .34 6.42 21 33 30 45 30 43 3 4 1.2 2.4NW Wyomingb 38 648 6.56 6.56 38 ... Sods1994 (n = 34 ) -1 8 (-5 3 -3 )4.7(4 .3 5.1)105(91–115)4(2–6)11(9–11)2.2(1.7 3. 1)Otter Creek1994 (n = 63) -2 8 (-8 2–11)4.6(4.1–6.0)129(111–1 53) 6(1–14)9(8–10)2.0(0.9 3. 1)Shenandoah ... 19,940)172(65–491)7.1(6.5–7.5) 135 (62–229)16(4 34 ) 36 (18–68)1.0(0.7–1.7) Acidic SAMI Streamsa1986 NSS (n = 730 ) -2 4 ( -3 5– -2 4) 43. 7(4.5–4.7)142(117–229)0 .3 (0.2 3. 5)16(12–25)1.4(1.0–1.7)South...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 5 pdf
... Critical Loads 133 the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. Simulations included changes in S deposition over 1985 values of -5 0, -3 0, -2 0, 0, +20, and +30 %. Each kg/ha per yearchange in S deposition caused ... gener-ated for all individual, well-defined regions or subregions of interest.1416/frame/C05 Page 131 Wednesday, February 9, 2000 2:09 PM© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 136 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition strong ... the patterns of NO 3 - leaching from soils and the resulting NO 3 - concentrations in drainage waters. This biological control of NO 3 - leaching,and consequent seasonality in NO 3 - output...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 6 pdf
... Concentrations of NO 3 - in the EmeraldLake outlet increased from 2 to 3 µeq/L in the fall to 10 to 13 µeq/L duringspring runoff. The increase in NO 3 - and SO4 2- (approximately 50%) was attrib-uted ... importance of NO 3 - vs. SO 4 2- acidity increased. In the acidic (ANC ≤ 0) samples from theERP, NO 3 - concentrations were often of the same or similar magnitude asSO 4 2- ... thewatershed. Reduction of NO 3 - and SO4 2- within Emerald Lake was relativelysmall, and most of the acid anions passed through the lake outlet. This increase of both SO4 2- and NO 3 - during snowmelt...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 7 pot
... LLC 166 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition alization, and nitrification produce concentrations of NO 3 - in drainage water of Stage 3 watersheds that can be higher than deposition ... CRC Press LLC 164 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition saturation. At sites with high N deposition (20 to 54 kg N/ha per year) andsignificant leaching losses of NO 3 - , N is removed from ... death, and decomposi-tion. A relatively small amount of the soil NH 4+ is converted to NO 3 - by the pro-cess of nitrification, and only a small amount of that NO 3 - is typically...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 8 pot
... 176 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 1. Increasing deposition of S and/or N.2. Excluding the previously existing deposition via construction of roofs over entire forested plots or mini-catchments. 3. ... relate to ecosystem responses to acidic deposition. Some of the most important contributions to the state of scientific under-standing of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition during the past decadehave ... 184 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition The increase in lake-water NO 3 - concentration was fairly small at Skjer-vatjern, only about 3 µ eq/L. A substantial portion of that...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 9 pot
... influence of an underpredic-tion of NO 3 - increase and an overprediction of NH4+ increase.The annual dose of SO4 2- (1800 eq ha per year) should increase the concen-tration of SO4 2- in ... assessment of the effects of acidic deposition in two respects.First, these results were the first to show quantitative agreement betweenestimates of pH of natural aquatic systems receiving acidic deposition, ... CRC Press LLC224 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition No long-term historical trends in deposition were assumed in the modelingefforts for any ions except SO4 2- , NO 3 - and NH4+. The...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 10 pot
... LLC 240 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition 10.1 .3 ELS-II During Phase II of the Eastern Lake Survey (ELS-II), a subset of ELS-I lakeswas resampled during the spring and fall of 1986. ... proportion of the observed lake-water NO 3 - in the fall FIGURE 10 .3 Map of summer NO 3 - concentrations in drainage lakes sampled by the ALSC. High concentra-tions of NO 3 - (greater ... regions of the world with respect to the effects of acidic deposition on aquatic resources. Acidic deposition effects research in the Adirondacks hasplayed an important role in many of the areas of...
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