discovering knowledge in data an introduction to data mining
discovering knowledge in data an introduction to data mining
... adds Frank. “This means2 · 2 · 2 = 8 ways to rearrange people without changing the pairing. So in fact, there are 6 · 8 = 48 ways to sit that all mean the same pairing.The 720 seatings come in ... answer to the next node, which1.3 The Number of Subsets 11contains the third (and in this case last) question you have to answer to determine the subset: Is c an element of S? Giving an answer and ... Contents ix10.1 A Dancing Problem 16510.2 Another matching problem 16710.3 The Main Theorem 16910.4 How to Find a Perfect Matching 17111 Combinatorics in Geometry 17911.1 Intersections of...
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Tài liệu An Introduction to Statistical Inference and Data Analysis docx
... hand and, foreach such choice, there are three ways to choose a ring for the right hand.Hence, there are 4 ·3 = 12 ways to choose a ring for each hand. This is an instance of a general principle:Suppose ... green beans, stuffing, mashed potatoes }, and{ green beans, mashed potatoes, stuffing }as distinct dinners. Thus, the restaurant has counted dinners that differ onlywith respect to the order in which ... triple of side dishes can beordered in 6 ways: the first side dish can be any of 3, the second side dishcan be any of the remaining 2, and the third side dish must be the remaining1 (3 ×2 × 1 =...
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Introduction to Data Access
... data- bases require the use of SQL to add data to tables and read, modify, and delete data. • You can’t just modify sets of data and expect the database to elegantly save the changesunder any ... it comes to transaction management. Yousimply cannot find a framework or container that comes close to what Spring offers. Working withdatabase transactions in Spring is flexible and convenient. ... special-purpose org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean class, which is the Spring 1.x way of configuring transaction on objects in theSpring container.The Spring Framework...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P1 pdf
... samples, an orthogonal transform converts them to N transform coefficients, of which the first islarge and dominant (it contains much of the information of the original data) and theremaining ones ... find the source of redundancy in each typeof data. Once we understand what causes redundancy in a given type of data, we canpropose an approach to eliminating the redundancy.This chapter covers ... C.The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique number assigned to abook, to simplify inventory tracking by publishers and bookstores. The ISBN numbersare assigned according to an international...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P2 ppt
... The node contains something else. This means that another hashing of a pointerand an ASCII code has resulted in 299, and node 299 already contains information fromanother string. This is called ... discussion in [Bookstein and Klein 93], where the authors argue in favor of Huffmancoding.Self-Assessment Questions1. In a programming language of your choice, implement Huffman encoding andtest ... case, string aba is in thedictionary, and pointer is moved to I. In the latter case aba is not in the dictionary,and the encoder saves it in the entry pointed at by pointer,andmovesJ to I./1a/2b/-/-15b/-/-28a58a/-...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P3 pptx
... holds strings previously found in the input, thereby allowing for additionsand deletions of strings as new input is being read.If the data features many repetitions, then many input strings will ... CodingThe output of arithmetic coding is interpreted as a number in the range [0, 1). (Thenotation [a, b) means the range of real numbers from a to b, including a but not includingb. The range ... vector.Theonlyquantitiesthathavetobedeterminedaretheweightswij. The guidingprinciples are as follows:1. Reducing redundancy. The first transform coefficient c1can be large, but theremaining...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P4 pptx
... eye is sensitive to smallchanges in luminance but not in chrominance, so the chrominance part can later losemuch data, and thus be highly compressed, without visually impairing the overall imagequality ... is integrated using this function as a weighting function,the result is CIE luminance, which is denoted by Y. Luminance is an important quantity in the fields of digital image processing and ... pixels1st scan1st scan2nd scan3rd scan3rd scan2nd scan6th scankth scan8,192 data unitsFigure 5.28: Scans in the JPEG Progressive Mode.Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P5 docx
... WSQ.subbands. The SWT is then applied in the same manner to three of the 16 subbands,decomposing each into 16 smaller subbands. The last step is to decompose the top-leftsubband into four smaller ... encoding algorithm.Step 0 :Theranking index (an integer counting the position of S in the ranked list) isset to 0.Step 1 : An LZ77-type dictionary is used, with a search buffer containing text ... H and L. The three most-significant bits of H determine thedynamic window to be selected, and the remaining 13 bits of H and L become an integerN that determines the start address of the window...
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Tài liệu A Concise Introduction to Data Compression- P6 pptx
... become an n-dimensional point and rotating it in n dimensions such that the first coordinate becomes dominant. The DCT and its inverse,the IDCT, are used in JPEG (Section 5.6) to compress an image ... revised in 1996 to conform to Knuth’s changes to the Greekdelta and arrow characters. In 1997, the type-1 CM fonts became public domain.Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage.—Anais ... pointers to point to thestart and end of the data in the array.Codec. A term that refers to both encoder and decoder.Codes. A code is a symbol that stands for another symbol. In computer and telecom-munications...
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